Unit 2: Cell Biology - Functions of the Cell Structure

Plasma (Cell) Membrane

Confines cell contents; regulates entry and exit of materials

Lysosomes

Break down nutrient molecules or ingested materials

Mitochondria

Control release of energy from foods; form ATP (Powerhouse of the cell)

Microvilli

Increase the membrane surface area

Golgi Apparatus

Refines, packages, and transports proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with rough ER

Nucleus

Directs cell activities

Centrioles

Direct formation of the mitotic spindle

Nucleolus

Production of ribosomes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

Creates lipids or fat

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

Makes proteins

Ribosomes

Synthesize proteins

Chromatin

Condenses to form individual chromosomes and unwinds to allow access to information in certain genes

Peroxiomes

Detoxify alcohol, hydrogen, peroxide, etc.

Cytoplasm (cytosol)

Area where cell's metabolic reactions occur

Cytoskeleton

made of microfilaments and microtubules for cell shape and support movement (Cilia and Flagella)

Vacuoles

Temporary storage, water sequestration, and intracellular support