Psychology: Classical & Operant Conditioning, Brain Lobes, and Neuron Structure

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired, leading to a learned response to the previously neutral stimulus, famously studied by Ivan Pavlov.

Operant Conditioning

A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior, extensively researched by B.F. Skinner.

Taste Aversion

A learned avoidance of a particular food or drink after a negative experience, studied by John Garcia.

Learning Phobias

The process by which phobias are developed through conditioning, as demonstrated by John Watson.

Shocking Experiment

A controversial psychological experiment conducted by Stanley Milgram that tested obedience to authority figures, involving participants administering shocks to others.

Visual Lobe

The occipital lobe of the brain, responsible for processing visual information.

Hearing Lobe

The temporal lobe of the brain, primarily responsible for processing auditory information.

Soma

The cell body of a neuron, containing the nucleus and organelles.

Body Senses Lobe

The parietal lobe of the brain, which integrates sensory information from various modalities.

Frontal Lobe

The part of the brain responsible for reasoning, planning, problem-solving, and emotional regulation.

Dendrites

The extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.

Axon

The long extension of a neuron that transmits signals away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles.

Synapse

The space between neurons where communication occurs through neurotransmitters.

Myelin

The fatty coating that surrounds axons, which speeds up the transmission of electrical signals.

Right Brain

The hemisphere of the brain that controls the left side of the body and is more visually oriented.

Left Brain

The hemisphere of the brain that controls the right side of the body and is more language and verbal oriented.