Exam 2 Study Guide - Plant Propagation & Climate

Vocabulary flashcards covering plant hormones, seed structures, propagation methods, plant growth concepts, and climate definitions from Exam 2 review material.

Jasmonic Acid

A plant hormone involved in plant defense against pathogens and stress, signaling Induced Systemic Resistance, inhibiting growth and seed germination, and triggering tuber formation.

Salicylic Acid

A plant hormone involved in Systemic Acquired Resistance, growth, photosynthesis, transpiration, and increasing flower longevity, which blocks ethylene production and wound response; commercially synthesized as aspirin.

Auxins

The first plant hormone discovered; produced in the terminal bud to suppress sprouting of axillary buds, promote rooting, affect tuber and bulb formation, and prevent leaf and fruit abscission.

Gibberellins

Plant hormones responsible for stem elongation, breaking dormancy of seeds, buds, and tubers, increasing flower, leaf, and fruit size, and inducing flowering.

Cytokinins

Plant hormones known as the 'youth hormone' that work with light to increase cell division and enlargement, delay leaf abscission, prevent chlorophyll degeneration, and stimulate bud growth.

Ethylene

A plant hormone acting as a growth retardant that promotes fruit ripening, ages plant parts such as flowers, and induces flowering in pineapples and bromeliads.

Abscisic Acid (ABA)

A growth retardant hormone that causes stomata to close in response to drought stress, induces leaf drop and dormancy, and slows stem elongation to make plants sturdier and fuller.

Induced Systemic Resistance

A plant defense response triggered by pathogen or insect attack, signaled by jasmonic acid or ethylene.

Systemic Acquired Resistance

A plant defense response where a pathogen attack on older leaves causes development of resistance to that pathogen in younger leaves, triggered by salicylic acid.

Tropism

Response of plants to their environment or external stimuli.

Phototropism

Response of plants to light.

Geotropism

Response of plants to gravity.

Thigmotropism

Response of plants to touch.

Weather

The current and temporary atmospheric conditions.

Climate

The average atmospheric conditions over a long period of time.

Macroclimate

The climate or weather conditions over a relatively large area ($24\text{--}50\text{ miles}$).

Local climate

The climate or weather conditions over a smaller localized area, such as a valley, stand of trees, open field, or sides of a hill.

Microclimate

The climate or weather conditions over a very small area, such as inside versus outside a canopy or upper versus lower leaf surface.

Monocotyledon vs. Dicotyledon Seed Structure

A comparison showing seed coat, endosperm, and embryo in corn (monocotyledon) and lima bean (dicotyledon).

Anatomy of a Bulb

Structure of a bulb consisting of flower bud, foliage leaves, bulb scales, lateral bulblets, basal plate, and contractile roots.

Anatomy of a Corm

Structure of a corm consisting of stalk, new corm, cormels, new fleshy roots, old corm, and old contractile fibrous roots.

Tuber Cutting Requirements

Propagation guidelines illustrating that cut pieces of a tuber must include a bud or eye to grow, as pieces with no bud will not grow.