Data Encryption Lecture Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering the core concepts, mechanisms, algorithms, and importance of data encryption.

Data Encryption

The process of converting readable information (Plaintext) into an unreadable, scrambled format (Ciphertext) using a mathematical formula called an Algorithm and a secret Key.

Plaintext

The original, readable message before it undergoes encryption (for example, "Hello, Welcome!").

Ciphertext

The unreadable, scrambled output generated after applying an encryption algorithm and key to plaintext.

Algorithm

The mathematical formula or rule used to scramble information (for example, shifting the alphabet).

Key

The secret "password" or value used in combination with an algorithm to scramble or unscramble data.

Decryption

The process of using a key to turn scrambled ciphertext back into readable plaintext.

Symmetric Encryption

An encryption method that uses the exact same secret key to both encrypt and decrypt data.

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

A symmetric encryption standard used by governments and for securing files on hard drives.

Asymmetric Encryption

An encryption method that uses a mathematically linked pair of keys working together: a Public Key and a Private Key.

Public Key

In asymmetric encryption, the key that is visible to everyone, used to lock or encrypt messages sent to the key's owner.

Private Key

In asymmetric encryption, the secret key known only to the owner, used to unlock or decrypt messages locked with their corresponding public key.

RSA

An asymmetric encryption algorithm commonly used for digital signatures and securing email.

Privacy

A primary objective of encryption aimed at hiding and protecting personal messages, photos, and emails.

Financial Security

A primary objective of encryption aimed at preventing hackers from stealing banking details during online transactions.

Integrity

A primary objective of encryption that ensures a message is not altered or modified by a "man-in-the-middle" during transit.