Biology - Properties of water and some chemistry
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35 Terms
Atom
the basic unit of matter
Element
A pure substance that is entirely made up of one type of atom
Atoms are made up of…
3 subtomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
A proton is…
positive
A neutron is…
neutral
An electron is…
negative
The proton is located in…
the nucleus
The neutron is located in…
Nucleus
The electron is located in…
it orbits the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.
Charged particles are known as…
ions.
Cations
positively charged atoms
Anions
negatively charged atoms
Isotopes
are atoms of the same element that have varying numbers of neutrons.
Same element, different number of neutrons =
isotopes.
Examples of isotopes
carbon-12 and carbon-14
Molecule
two or more atoms bonded together.
Compound molecule
two or more different elements bonded together.
Ionic bonds - (strongest bonds)
when an atom borrows an electron from another atom to fill its outer electron shell.
Covalent bond
when an outer electron is shared between two atoms.
Hydrogen bonds - (the weakest bond)
a specific bond in which a hydrogen atom (slightly positive atom) bonds to an electronegative (slightly negative) atom or molecule.
pH
a scale from 0 to 14 that measures how acidic or basic (alkaline) a substance is, with 7 being neutral, below 7 being acidic, and above 7 being basic
Water is made of 3 atoms:
1 oxygen, two hydrogens
Water atoms are connected by
covalent bonds
Polar
unequal sharing of electrons
Water forms bonds called
hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds:
The unequal sharing of electrons gives water the ability to make weak attractions to other water molecules
Hydrogen bonding is the force that holds
water molecules to each other and other objects.
Cohesion
The tendency of water molecules to stick together because of hydrogen bonding.
Adhesion
Water molecules sticking to something other than water due to attraction of charges
Capillary Action
The tendency of water to move along the surface of a substance due to adhesion.Water molecules “pull” each other up.
Surface Tension
A special form of cohesion that causes the surface of water to resist rupture.
Universal Solvent
Water can dissolve many substances due to the partial charges within the water molecule.
the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of water.
specific heat
Hydrophilic
Substances that dissolve in water (water loving)
Hydrophobic
Substances that do not dissolve in water (water fearing)