ABDOMEN ** ADD RENAL!!!

GI tract w/ arterial and venous supply, biliary tree, anterior abdominal wall

muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominis, transversus abdominis,

external oblique origin

lateral side of ribs 4-12

external oblique insertion

anterior iliac crest, linea alba

external oblique action

compress abdominal contents, rotate and flex trunk

external oblique innervation

intercostal nerves T8-12, iliohypogastric n, ilioinguinal n

internal oblique origin

anterior iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia

internal oblique insertion

ribs 9-12, linea alba

internal oblique action

compress abdominal content, rotate and flex trunk

internal oblique innervation

intercostal nerves T8-12, iliohypogastric n, ilioguinal n

rectus abdominis origin

xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7

rectus abdominis insertion

crest of pubis and adjacent ligaments

rectus abdominis action

compress abdominal contents, flex trunk

rectus abdominis innervation

intercostal nerves T7-12

transversus abdominis origin

anterior iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, internal surface of costal cartilages 6-12, inguinal ligament

transversus abdominis insertion

linea alba

transversus abdominis action

compress abdominal contents

transversus abdominis innervation

intercostal nerves T7-12, iliohypogastric n, ilioguinal n

contents of upper right quadrant of the abdomen

liver and gallbladder

contents of lower right quadrant of the abdomen

appendix, ovary, ureter

contents of the upper left quadrant of the abdomen

spleen, stomach

contents of the lower left quadrants of the abdomen

ovary, ureter

superficial layer of the abdominal wall

superficial fascia - fatty and membranous parts, and muscular layer - investing fascia and rectus sheath

deeper layers of the abdominal wall

transversalis fascia and peritoneum

ligamentum teres contains the

umbilical vein

lateral umbilical fold contains (two)

inferior epigastric vessels

medial umbilical fold contains (two)

umbilical arteries

median umbilical fold contains (one)

urachus

deep inguinal ring

opening in transversalis fascia

the inguinal ligament spans between

ASIS and pubic tubercle

inguinal triangle borders

inguinal ligament, inferior epigastric vessels and rectus abdominis muscles

in the space of the inguinal triangle, there is increased likelyhood of

herniation

inguinal canal starts and ends at

deep inguinal ring to superficial inguinal ring

superficial inguinal ring

opening in external oblique

inguinal rings resemble

digits passing through a tight glove to decrease herniation risk

contents of inguinal canal

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, spermatic cord in males (ductus deferens, testicular vessels, round ligaments in females (no ovarian vessels)

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve travles with

gonadal vessels through deep inguinal ring

the gonads begin their development in the

abdomen (start at L1) then descend along the gubernaculum

male gubernaculum pulls

testis through inguinal canal - testis located outside body cavity (temp regulation)

female gubernaculum pulls

ovary from abdomen into pelvic cavity - ovary inside bony pelvis (protective for ovum development)

direct inguinal hernia

directly through abdominal wall passing through inguinal triangle, medial to inferior epigastric vessels

indirect inguinal hernia

through inguinal canal passing through deep inguinal ring, lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

umbilical hernia

through umbilicus

femoral hernia

through femoral canal

epigastric hernia

through linea alba

spigelian hernia

through linea semilunaris

histal hernia

stomach protruding into thorax

peritoneal cavity

space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

some organs take a fold/layer of peritoneum with them

messentary (intraperitoneal)

some organs head posterior to peritoneam

retro-peritoneal

intra-peritoneal organs have their own

visceral peritoneum

falciform ligament

attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall

ligamentum teres hepatis

remnant of umbilical vein

coronary ligament

attaches liver to diaphragm

lesser omentum

attaches stomach to liver

hepatogastric ligament

connects liver to stomach

hepatodueodenal ligament

connects liver to duodenum

greater omentum

hangs from stomach and covers small intestine

gastrosplenic ligament

connects stomach to spleen

mesentary proper

attaches small intestine to posterior abdominal wall

transverse mesocolon

attaches transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall

sigmoid mesocolon

attaches sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal wall

three arteries branching from abdominal aorta

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery

abdominal aorta branches into

common iliac arteries, then into external and internal iliac arteries

celiac trunk leaves aorta at about

L1

superior mesenteric artery leaves aorta at about

L1

inferior mesenteric artery leaves aorta at about

L3

branches of the celiac trunk

common hepatic artery, splenic artery, left gastric artery

branches of common hepatic artery

proper hepatic artery, gastroduodenal artery

proper hepatic artery divides itno

right and left hepatic, right gastric, and cystic arteries

gastroduodenal artery divides into

right gastroomental artery to pancreas

left gastric artery goes to

left side, lesser curvature of the stomach

splenic artery goes to the

spleen

splenic artery branches into

left gastroomental artery to pancreas

the right and left gastric arteries supply

right and left side of lesser curvature of the stomach

the right and left gastroomental arteries supply

right and left side of the greater curvature of the stomach

branches of the superior mesenteric artery

jejunal branches, ilium branches, iliocolic artery, appendicular artery, right colic artery, middle colic artery, marginal artery

iliocolic artery supplies

where ilium meets the cecum

right colic artery supplies

ascending colon

middle colic artery supplies

transverse colon

marginal artery

connects all the colic arteries, runs parallel to colon

inferior mesenteric artery branches

left colic artery, sigmoidal arteries, superior rectal artery

left colic artery supplies

descending colon

sigmoidal arteries supply

sigmoid part of colon

superior rectal arteries supply

superior rectum

where the foregut and midgut overlap is supplied by

superior (from CT) and inferior (from SMA) pancreaticoduodenal arteries

major duodenal papilla separates the

foregut and midgut

duct from pancreas to major duodenal papilla

major pancreatic duct

duct from gallbladder to major duodenal papilla

cystic duct

duct from liver to major duodenal papilla

hepatic duct

where the cystic duct meets the hepatic duct

common bile duct

common bile duct drains into

duodenum

two venous systems of the abdomen

systemic/caval system, hepatic portal system

hepatic portal vein is formed by

splenic and superior mesenteric veins

veins of the foregut - what are they and where do they drain

right/left gastric v, splenic v drain to hepatic portal v

veins of the midgut drain to

superior mesenteric vein

veins of the hindgut drain to

inferior mesenteric vein

IMV may drain into

splenic or SMV

hepatic portal vein collects

venous return from the GI tract and brings it to the liver

venous return from GI tract is filtered by the liver and collected by

hepatic veins

hepatic veins drain into the

inferior vena cava