ANPH 1001 Unit 1 Topic 3: Tissues

Vocabulary flashcards covering the structure, classification, and function of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues from ANPH 1001 Unit 1 Topic 3.

Tissue

A group of cells with similar function.

Histology

The scientific study of tissues.

Epithelial Tissue

A major tissue type composed of closely packed cells anchored by a basement membrane that protects underlying tissues, absorbs nutrients, secretes substances, and excretes waste.

Basement Membrane

The structure to which epithelial cells are anchored to each other.

Squamous Epithelium

Flat epithelial cells that provide protection, found in the skin, mouth lining, and blood vessels.

Cuboidal Epithelium

Cube-shaped epithelial cells that function in protection, secretion, and absorption, found in glands and kidney tubules.

Columnar Epithelium

Tall and rectangular epithelial cells that function in secretion and absorption, found in mammary glands.

Simple Epithelium

An arrangement of epithelial tissue consisting of a single layer of cells, found in blood vessels, the intestine, and the uterus.

Stratified Epithelium

An arrangement of epithelial tissue consisting of several layers of cells, found in the mouth and skin.

Pseudostratified Epithelium

An epithelial arrangement that appears to consist of several layers but is actually only one, found in the throat.

Transitional Epithelium

An epithelial arrangement consisting of several layers of easily stretched cells, found in the bladder.

Mucous Membrane

A functional classification of epithelial tissue that produces mucus in the digestive, urinary, and respiratory tracts, and concentrates bile in the gall bladder.

Goblet Cells

Unicellular glands that secrete mucus.

Exocrine Glands

Glands that have ducts, categorized into simple (single ducts, such as sweat glands) or compound (branching ducts, such as mammary glands).

Endocrine Glands

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly, such as the thyroid and pituitary glands.

Endothelium

A specialized epithelial lining of the circulatory system, forming the inner lining of blood vessels and a single layer in blood capillaries.

Endocardium

The specific endothelium that lines the heart.

Mesothelium

Epithelial tissue that lines the great body cavities and has no openings to the outside.

Pericardium

The mesothelial membrane that covers the heart.

Peritoneum

The mesothelial membrane that lines the abdomen.

Connective Tissue

Tissue responsible for movement and support, containing abundant intercellular matrix with embedded collagen and elastin protein fibers.

Areolar Connective Tissue

A widely distributed loose connective tissue with a semifluid matrix that surrounds organs, supports nerves and vessels, and temporarily stores glucose, salts, and water.

Adipose Tissue

A type of loose connective tissue composed of fat cells full of stored fat.

Reticular Connective Tissue

A type of loose connective tissue with a fine network that forms the internal framework of the liver, bone marrow, and lymph organs.

Fibroblasts

Cells found in areolar connective tissue that possess the ability to form fibers and assist in tissue repair.

Histiocytes

Phagocytic cells in areolar connective tissue that consume debris outside the circulatory system.

Mast Cells

Cells in areolar connective tissue that produce heparin (an anticoagulant) and histamine (an inflammatory substance produced in response to allergies).

Dense Fibrous Tissue

Connective tissue made of closely packed white collagen fibers that is flexible but not elastic, has a poor blood supply, and heals slowly.

Tendons

White, glistening bands of dense regular fibrous connective tissue that attach skeletal muscles to bones.

Ligaments

Strong, flexible bands or cords of dense regular fibrous connective tissue that hold bones firmly together at joints.

Aponeuroses

Flat, wide bands of dense connective tissue that hold one muscle to another or attach a muscle to the periosteum.

Fasciae

Fibrous connective tissue sheets with an irregular arrangement that wrap around muscle bundles to hold them in place or cover an entire muscle.

Hyaline Cartilage

A specialized connective tissue with no visible fibers, found on the costal cartilage of the upper $7$ ribs, the trachea, and the bronchi.

Fibrous Cartilage

A tough type of specialized cartilage located in the vertebral discs.

Elastic Cartilage

A specialized cartilage containing elastin fibers, located in the epiglottis and external ear.

Chondrocytes

Large, round cartilage cells with spherical nuclei.

Osteocytes

Bone cells found within specialized bone connective tissue.

Skeletal Muscle

A voluntary, striated, and multinucleated muscle tissue attached to the skeleton that pulls bones to create movement.

Smooth Muscle

An involuntary, nonstriated, and uninucleated muscle tissue composed of spindle-shaped cells found in the walls of the digestive, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts, and blood vessels.

Cardiac Muscle

An involuntary, striated, and uninucleated muscle tissue characterized by branching cells and intercalated disks that forms the walls of the heart.

Neurons

Very long conducting cells of nervous tissue (nerve fibers) that connect body parts, coordinate activities, and react to stimuli.

Neuroglia

Supporting cells of the nervous system that make up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Irritability

The ability of nerve tissue to respond to environmental changes.

Conductivity

The ability of nerve tissue to carry a nerve impulse (message).