Unit 4 Gov Vocab

Civil Liberties

The guarantees of the safety of the persons, opinions, and property from the arbitrary acts of government, including freedom of speech and freedom of religion

Civil Rights

A term used for those positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people, prohibitions of discrimination

Alien

Born resident or non citizen

Due Process Clause

Part of the 14th amendment which guarantees that no state deny basic rights to its people

Process of Incorporation

The process of incorporating, or including, most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights into the 14th amendment’s due process clause

Parochial

Church related, as in parochial school

Establishment Clause

 Separates Church and State

Free Exercise Clause

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The second part of the constitution guarantee of religious freedom, which guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever they choose to believe in matters of religion

Sedition

The crime of attempting to overthrow the government by force, or to disrupt its lawful activities by violent acts

Shield Law

A law which gives reporters some protection against having to disclose their sources or reveal other confidential information in legal proceedings

Symbolic Speech

Expression by conduct; communicating ideal through facial expression, body language, carrying a sign or wearing an armband

Picketing

Patrolling of a business site by workers who are on strike

Assemble

To gather with one another in order to express views on public matters

Content Neutral

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The government may not regulate assemblies on the basis of what might be said 

Right of Association

The right to associate with others to promote political, economic, and other social causes

Substantive Due Process

The government must create fair policies and laws

Procedural Due Process

The government must employ fair procedures and methods

Involuntary Servitude

Forced labor

Exclusionary Rule

Evidence gained as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized

Indictment

A formal complaint before a grand jury which charges the accused with one or more crimes

Double Jeopardy

Part of the 5th amendment which says that no person can be put in jeopardy of life and limb twice. Once a person has been tried for a crime, they cannot be tried again for the same crime

Bail

A sum of money that the accused may be required to post as a guarantee that they will appear in court at the proper time

Preventive Detention

A law which allows federal judgees to order that an accused felon be held, without bail, when there is good reason to believe they will commit yet another serious crime before trial

Segregation

The separation of one group from another

Integration

The process of bringing a group into equal membership in society

De Jure Segregation

Segregation by law, with legal sanction

Quota

A rule requiring certain members of jobs or promotions for members of certain groups

Reverse Discrimination

Discrimination against the majority group

Naturalization

The legal process by which citizens of one country become citizens of another

Deportation

A legal process in which Aliens are legally required to leave the United States