Zuku VTNE practice test 1

The veterinarian at your clinic tells you that a dog is coming in with dystocia. What is happening?

Trouble giving birth

What is the clinical significance of the femoral triangle in dogs and cats?

Good place to take pulse from femoral artery

What organism causes "rabbit syphilis”?

Treponema paraluid-cuniculi

You are presented with a cat that looks like this (dilated pupils). What is the name of this condition?

Mydriasis

A client brings in her dog who ate a box of rat poison in the last 2 days. What symptoms would be expected?

Bleeding, weakness

A cockatoo has been prescribed 10mg of Supercillin, s.i.d. for 10 days. How often does the bird get medicine each day?

Once a day

If you take an x-ray of a cat chest at 200 milliamperes for 1/10th of a second, how many milliamperes-second is the exposure?

20 mAs

By what age should a dog have all its permanent teeth, and how many teeth are in the canine adult dental formula?

42 by 7 months

What does an overexposed radiograph look like?

very dark

Which of the following choices may cause a radiograph to come out blurry?

Patient movement

What is a gilt?

Female pig that has not had a litter yet

What fresh gas flow rate is typical of a non-rebreathing anesthetic circuit?

100-300 ml/kg/min

A 12-year old Warmblood mare has been sedated with a combination of xylazine and butophanol for dental evaluation because she has been dropping feed. You listen to the heart immediately after sedation and note a heart rate of 20 beats per minute (normal = 28-44) with an occasional "dropped" beat; the horse is standing quietly. What is the most appropriate action to take next?

Nothing; this is a normal response

Which choice might explain why a radiograph comes out very light and washed out?

Focal distance is too long

What is an enterotomy?

Incision into intestine

A Bassett Hound with galloping halitosis has been prescribed with medical mint dog treats prn for bad breath. How often does the dog get treated?

As needed

What does it mean if a cat is azotemic?

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is increased

Which teeth are best x-rayed using the bisecting radiograph techniques?

Maxillary incisors

If a vet says she wants to do an abaxial sesamoid nerve block on a horse's distal limb, where might you expect her to inject the lidocaine?

Medial and lateral aspects of limb just distal to the fetlock

What is indicated by a colorless zone around a bacterial colony on a blood agar plate?

Hemolysis

What settings adjustment should you do to correct for a radiograph that comes out too light? (Not dense enough)

Increase mAs 5% or Decrease kVp 10%-15%

What makes accurate determination of avian and reptile WBC counts more difficult than WBC counts in mammalian blood?

Nucleated RBCs

How many periods of estrus (heats) per year are typical in the dog?

2

A 1 year-old, 12 pound, spayed female cat has been caught in the last ten minutes eating....rat poison. What treatment in the clinic will make the cat vomit as soon as possible?

Xylazine IM

What color is a gram-negative bacteria on the microscope slide?

Red

The Crotalus atroxvaccine provides protection against what type of rattlesnake bite?

Western Diamondback

What kind of diet could help in preventing struvite urolith formation in cats?

acidifying diet

At what age is tail docking generally performed in dogs?

3-5 days

What are red blood cells (RBC's) with multiple irregularly spaced projections called?

Acanthocytes

What is the purpose of the collimator in x-ray machine?

Decreases production of scatter radiation

Which anesthetic breathing system has the lowest fresh gas flow rate during maintenance of anesthesia?

Closed system

Which of the following statements about propofol is correct?

Causes apnea if given rapidly

Where would a dog or cat be likely to encounter arsenic around the house?

Ant baits

Which direction is caudal?

Towards the tail

Which choice includes only absorbable sutures?

Dexon, Vicryl, PDS

Which of the following animals does not display polychromasia and reticulocytosis with regenerative anemia?

Horse

Which is more severe, periodontitis or gingivitis?

Periodontitis

Which anatomic area do these three surgical approaches access in the horse? Modified Whitehouse, Viborg's triangle & Hyovertebrotomy

Gutteral pouch

Which term describes an animal with an undescended testicle?

Cryptorchid

If a cat has a luxated hip, what is the problem?

Dislocation

What is nosocomial infection?

An infection acquired in the hospital

Which animal types are induced ovulators?

Cats, Rabbits

For anesthetics, what does MAC, (minimum alveolar concentration) measure?

Measure of anesthetic potency

Which animal is particularly vulnerable to vitamin C deficiency (Scurvy)?

Guinea pig

As you look closely at an abdominal radiograph from a large German Shepherd, you see many regularly spaced alternating light and dark lines on the radiograph. What do these lines mean?

The focal-film distance was too long

What is another name for struvite crystals?

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

Which one of the following therapies would be most useful to treat a dog with suspected head trauma and cerebral edema?

Mannitol or hypertonic saline IV

What kind of artifact can occur when ultrasound waves hit uroliths (bladder stones).

Shadowing

What side effect is often seen in horses tranquilized with acepromazine?

Penis protrusion

What does creatinine usually measure in a blood chemistry panel?

Kidney function

A 3-year old intact male Lhaso Apso presents at your clinic with the problem shown below bilaterally. What test would you do to confirm a diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes)?

Schirmer tear test

You are asked to set up a non-rebreathing anesthetic circuit for the next surgery case. What kind of patient do you expect?

Miniature poodle under 7kg

Which part of the tooth is considered to be living tissue?

Dentin and Pulp

Why are atropine or glycopyrrolate (anti-cholinergics) often given as a premedication to dogs and cats before inducing anesthesia with ketamine or tiletamine? (Dissociative anesthetics)

Decreases salivation

Which two components make up total protein in a serum sample?

Glubulin, Albumin

Which of the following choices is synonymous with sonolucent? (Dark on ultrasound)

Anechoic

What does polychromasia (color variation) in red blood cells suggest?

Regenerative anemia

Which statement about the proper storage of fresh or frozen plasma is most correct?

Can be frozen for up to 1 year

Which one of the following dog breeds is classified as brachycephalic?

English bulldog

The vet has asked you to prepare for a pyometra surgery on a 7-year old intact female Schnauzer.

Uterus

In temperate North America, one animal is seasonally polyestrous (multiple estrus cycles) in the winter when the weather is cold, and the other animal is seasonally polyestrous in the spring and summer when the weather is warm. Both give birth in the spring. Which animals are these?

Sheep, Horse

Which commonly used anesthetic circuit is made up of a tube within a tube?

Bain system

What is the predominant cell type in normal synovial fluid?

Mononuclear

What is the function of a thrombocyte?

Cause blood clotting

The total amount of water in the body, or the total body water (TBW) is approximately 60% of the body weight in healthy animals. Which of the following choices most correctly describes the distribution of the total body water?

2/3 intracellular, 1/3 extracellular

How much 0.8% NaCI solution must you add to 1ml of 2% amphotericin, solution to dilute it 1:100, and what is the final concentration of the amphotericin solution?

99ml and 0.2%

What is the primary use of formaldehyde in veterinary practice?

Tissue specimen preservative

A complete blood count (CBC) from a sick cow shows 3% reticulocyte red blood cells (normal =0%) Which one of the following physiologic processes is most likely?

Regenerative anemia

Where should a feline leukemia (FeLV) vaccine be injected?

Below stifle, lateral left hind

Which one of the following choices best describes the use of Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) in digital radiology?

A universal digital image format that allows sharing of images between clinics

A 5-year old male neutered retriever mix presents with a recent history of poor appetite and dropping food. He is very painful when you try to open his mouth and there is periorbital swelling. It is suspected that he has masticatory myositis. What specific treatment do you expect the vet will start him on while awaiting confirmatory results from the lab?

Corticosteroids

Which forceps secure drapes to the patient by penetrating the skin?

Bachhaus

What kind of problem may cause you to find clear hyaline casts in the urine sediment of a dog?

Glomerular leakage

What is the normal amount of expected moisture on a paper testing strip when performing the Schirmer's tear test in a normal animal?

15-25 mm

What does it mean if a cat has nystagmus?

Eyes twitch as head moves

Which direction is plantar?

The bottom of the hindfoot

Ketamine is classified as which one of the following types of anesthetic agents?

Dissociative

A rare Albanian hairy iguana has been prescribed "Iggy-cote" medicated shampoo q.o.d. for dandruff. How often does this iguana get treated?

Every other day

What is the effect of a high-ratio grid on an x-ray exposure?

Fewer x-rays reach the film

There are three kinds of ultrasonic scaler; magnetorestrictive, piezoelectric and sonic. What is the advantage of a piezoelectric scaler over the other two kinds?

Least traumatic

If you double the focal-film distance between an x-ray and the x-ray cassette, what happens to the x-ray beam intensity on the x-ray cassette?

One-quarter the intensity

What image problems are avoided with proper bisecting radiograph technique of teeth?

Elongation

What are the three most important factors to remember for radiation safety?

Time, distance, shielding

Which animal cannot normally sweat?

Pigs

Why are atropine or glycopyrrolate (anti-cholinergics) often given as a premedication to dogs and cats before inducing anesthesia with ketamine or tiletamine? (Dissociative anesthetics)

Decrease salivation

When a clinician tests for a positive drawer sign in a dog, what part of the dog is he or she handling anatomically?

Stifle