Thẻ ghi nhớ: U4 Gap filling

1. A product or service that is developed globally but adjusted to accommodate the local market is an example of __________.

glocalization

2. A culture where communication relies heavily on nonverbal cues, status, relationships, and context rather than explicit words is a __________.

high-context culture

3. A culture where communication is direct, straightforward, and relies on explicit verbal or written statements is a __________.

low-context culture

4. The __________ measures the extent to which less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.

Power Distance Index (PDI)

5. In the Lewis Model, people in a __________ are organized, rational, plan step-by-step in advance, and complete one task at a time.

linear-active culture

6. People in a __________ attach great importance to feelings, relationships, and connections, and prefer to do many things simultaneously.

multi-active culture

7. In a __________, people prefer to listen first, establish the other party's position, avoid confrontation, and react thoughtfully.

reactive culture

8. A __________ believes that established laws, rules, and contracts should apply equally to everybody regardless of personal relationships.

universalist

9. A __________ believes that personal relationships, circumstances, and friendships dictate the rules and take priority over general standards.

particularist

10. An __________ emphasizes personal independence, individual rights, and self-reliance over group belonging.

individualist

11. A __________ believes that group goals, harmony, and collective wellbeing are more important than individual interests.

collectivist

12. In a __________ structure, decisions are made strictly by senior executives and passed down to lower-level staff.

top-down management

13. A company where employees are expected to work extended hours each day to demonstrate commitment has a __________.

long-hours culture

14. A workplace culture that values aggressive and tough competitive traits traditionally associated with men is called a __________.

macho culture

15. Words, titles, or naming conventions used to indicate social distance, familiarity, or respect when addressing someone are __________.

forms of address

16. To be publicly disrespected or embarrassed in front of peers, which is strongly avoided in reactive cultures, is to __________.

lose face

17. A direct, face-to-face disagreement or argument between opposing parties is a __________.

confrontation

18. Resolving a conflict by adjusting demands or changing opinions so both parties reach an acceptable agreement is a __________.

compromise

19. Creating, doing, or reacting to something on the spot without advance planning is to __________.

improvise

20. Reaching a decision or understanding something instinctively without relying on conscious reasoning is using __________.

intuition

21. Thought based on systematic reasoning, evidence, and factual judgment rather than emotion is __________.

logic

22. Polite submission or yielding to the authority and opinion of a superior is known as __________.

deference

23. An individual's social or professional rank relative to others in an organization or society is their __________.

status

24. Networks of influential or important people with whom one is associated are known as __________.

connections

25. An __________ approach in management promotes equal rights, shared power, and active participation in decision-making.

egalitarian

26. An __________ manager demands strict obedience to authority and enforces tight control over subordinates.

authoritarian

27. Messages in low-context cultures are __________ because they are communicated clearly, directly, and in detail.

explicit

28. Meanings in high-context cultures are often __________ because they are implied through context rather than stated plainly in words.

implicit