Quiz 1 Study Guide

eponym

a word formed by including the name of the person who discovered or invented whatever is being described; sometimes an _____________ is named after the disease’s first or more noteworthy diagnosed victim

eponym

The word ________________ is derived from the Greek words epi and onyma. It literally means “to put your name on something.“

epi

Greek word meaning upon

onyma

Greek word meaning name

Lou Gehrig’s disease

neurological disease named after the famous New York Yankee first basemen who had this disease; a famous eponym but the scientific name is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

acronym

a word made up of the first letters of each of the words that make up a phrase

acronym

The word _______________ is derived from the Greek words acro and onyma. It literally means “to make a name with the ends.“

acro

Greek word meaning high, end

MRI

an acronym for the diagnostic imaging process called magnetic resonance imaging

English language

a modern language; the fastest-growing and most-used language in the word; has contributed to a fair number of medical terms

German; French

In centuries past, ______________ or _________________ were the most common languages, so they were the foundation of many medial terms.

Latin

_________________ was the global language of the scientific revolution.

ultima

the last syllable; means “last“

penult

the second-to-last syllable; means “almost the last“

pen-

prefix that means “almost“

antepenult

the third-to-last syllable, which means “the one before the one that is almost the last“

Three-syllable rule

in most words, the emphasis usually falls on the third-to-last syllable/antepenult

root

foundation or subject of the term; function like nouns in the language of medicine; most refer to things like body parts, organs, and fluids

suffix

ending that gives essential meaning to the term

prefix

added to the beginning of a term when needed to further modify the root

arthr/o

root word meaning joint; examples: arthroscope, arthritis

cardi/o

root word meaning heart; example: cardiology, pericardium

enter/o

root word meaning small intestine; examples: enteropathy, dysnetery

gastr/o

root word meaning stomach; examples: gastrointestinal, gastritis

hepat/o

root word meaning liver; examples: hepatology, hepatitis

neur/o

root word meaning nerve; examples: neurology, neuralgia

hem/o

root word meaning blood; example: hemorrhage

hemat/o

root word meaning blood; example: hematoma

my/o

root word meaning muscle; examples: myocardial, myalgia

muscul/o

root word meaning muscle; examples: musculoskeletal, muscular

angi/o

root word meaning vessel; examples: angioplasty, angiectomy

vas/o

root word meaning vessel; examples: vasospasm; vasectomy

vascul/o

root word meaning vessel; examples: vasculopathy, vasculitis

derm/o

root word meaning skin; examples: dermoscopy, dermis

dermat/o

root word meaning skin; examples: dermatology, dermatitis

cutane/o

root word meaning skin; example: subcutaneous

pneum/o

root word meaning lung; examples: pneumotomy

pneumon/o

root word meaning lung; examples: pneumonia, pneumonitis

pulmon/o

root word meaning lung; examples: pulmonologist, cardiopulmonary

gen/o

root word meaning creation, cause; example: pathogenic

hydr/o

root word meaning water; examples: hydrophobia, dehydration

morph/o

root word meaning shape, form; example: morphology

myc/o

root word meaning fungus; example: dermatomycosis

necr/o

root word meaning death; example: necrosis

orth/o

root word meaning straight; example: orthodontist

path/o

root word meaning suffering, disease; example: pathology

phag/o

root word meaning eat; example: aphagia

plas/o

root word meaning formation; example: hyperplasia

py/o

root word meaning pus; examples: pyorrhea, pyemia

scler/o

root word meaning hard; example: scleroderma

sten/o

root word meaning narrowing; example: stenosis

troph/o

root word meaning nourishment, developing; examples: trophology, hypertrophy

xen/o

root word meaning foreign; example: xenograft

nouns; verbs

As roots function as ____________, so suffixes function as ____________ in the language of medicine.

simple; complex

There are two many types of suffixes in medical language. In general, they can be divided into two basic groups: _____________ and ________________.

adjective; diminutive

Simple suffixes are basic and are used to turn a root into a complete word, such as an _______________, a noun, or a _________________.

-ac

suffix that means ‘pertaining to’; example: cardiac

-al

suffix that means ‘pertaining to’; example: skeletal

-ar

suffix that means ‘pertaining to’; example: muscular

-ary

suffix that means ‘pertaining to’; example: pulmonary

-eal

suffix that means ‘pertaining to’; example: esophageal

-ic

suffix that means ‘pertaining to’; example: medic

-tic

suffix that means ‘pertaining to’; example: neurotic

-ous

suffix that means ‘pertaining to’; example: subcutaneous

-ia

suffix meaning ‘condition’; example: pneumonia

-ism

suffix meaning ‘condition’; example: autism

-ium

suffix meaning tissue, structure; example: pericardium

-y

suffix meaning condition, procedure; example: hypertrophy

diminutive

a suffix that when added to a root, transform a term’s meaning to a smaller version of the root

-icle

suffix meaning small; example: ventricle

-ole

suffix meaning small; example: arteriole

-ule

suffix meaning small; example: pustule

-ula

suffix meaning small; example: uvula

-iatrics

a complex suffix meaning medical science; example: pediatrics

-iatry

a complex suffix meaning medical science; example: psychiatry

-iatrist

a complex suffix meaning ‘specialist in medicine of‘; example: psychiatrist

-ist

a complex suffix meaning specialist; example: dentist

-logist

a complex suffix meaning ‘specialist in the study of’; example: psychologist

-logy

a complex suffix meaning ‘study of‘: example: psychology

-algia

a complex suffix meaning pain; example: myalgia

-dynia

a complex suffix meaning pain; example: gastrodynia

-cele

a complex suffix meaning hernia (a bulging of tissue into an area where it doesn’t belong); example: hydrocele

-emia

a complex suffix meaning ‘blood condition‘; example: leukemia

-iasis

a complex suffix meaning ‘presence of‘; example: lithiasis

-itis

a complex suffix meaning inflammation; example: arthritis

-lysis

a complex suffix meaning loosen, break down; example: hemolysis

-malacia

a complex suffix meaning abnormal softening; example: osteomalacia

-megaly

a complex suffix meaning enlargement; example: hepatomegaly

-oid

a complex suffix meaning resembling; example: keloid

-oma

a complex suffix meaning tumor; example: melanoma

-osis

a complex suffix meaning condition; example: thrombosis

-pathy

a complex suffix meaning disease; example: myopathy

-penia

a complex suffix meaning deficiency; example: leukopenia

-ptosis

a complex suffix meaning drooping; example: nephroptosis

-rrhage

a complex suffix meaning excessive flow; example: hemorrhage

-rrhagia

a complex suffix meaning excessive flow; example: menorrhagia

-rrhea

a complex suffix meaning flow; example: diarrhea

-rrhexis

a complex suffix meaning rupture; example: metorrhexis

-spasm

a complex suffix meaning involuntary contraction; example: myospasm