All Chemistry Topic (Mixed)

Element

Only made up of one type of atom (eg. iron)

Compound

Two or more elements chemically bonded by sharing or transferring electrons

Atom

Smallest part of an element that can exist

Salt

Made when a metal take the place of hydrogen in an acid

Acid + Alkali →

Salt + Water

Acid + Base →

Salt + Water

Acid + Metal →

Salt + Hydrogen

Metal + Water →

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Acid + Metal oxide →

Salt + Water

Acid + Metal carbonate →

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Who suggested the first atomic model that said atoms are tiny indivisible spheres with different weights and properties ?

John Dalton

Who discovered the electron and what is the plum pudding model?

J.J. Thomson and he proposed that the atom was a tiny ball of positive charge with negative charges embedded in it with all together a neutral charge

Who discovered the proton and what was the atomic model that he adapted ?

Ernest Rutherford and he stated that the atom was a dense positive charged central nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons with empty space

Bohr’s model

The atomic model that said electrons travelled around the nucleus in shells or energy levels

Who discovered the neutron ?

James Chadwick

What is the relative charge of the proton, electron, and the neutron?

Proton = +1 / Electron = -1 / Neutron = 0

What is the relative mass of the proton, electron, and the neutron?

Proton = 1 / Electron = 0 (Negligible) / Neutron = 1

What is the mass number?

Number of protons + neutrons

What is the atomic number?

Number of protons

How do you find the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons?

For protons + electrons - Look at the atomic number

For neutrons - Mass number minus (-) Atomic number

How are electrons arranged ?

In shells which is called their electron configuration

Isotope

Form of an element that has the same number of electrons and protons but a different number of neutrons

What happens when different isotopes of the same element react together?

Will react the same way because they have the same electron configuration, but they may have different physical properties.

Ions

An atom or a group of atoms with a positive or negative charge due to the loss or gain of electrons

Cathions

Positive ions (formed by metals)

Anions

Negative ions (formed by non - metals)