**Skeletal system Unit Test

skeletal system

Functions: support, protection, movement, storage & production of RBC's are the functions of what system?

osteoblasts

Bone building cells

osteocytes

mature bone cellsterm-0

osteoclasts

large, mulitnucleated bone cells responsible for resorption/dissolved

epiphyseal plateterm-1

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton. When filled, growth is done.

periosteum

The tough membrane covering the outer bone and the inner layer contains osteoblasts

Diaphysis

The shaft of the long bone

epiphysis

The irregular ends of long bones

spongy bone

layer of bone tissue with many small places-looks like a spnge

compact

The hard, dense bone

red bone marrow

type of tissue is found at the ends of long bones and in the center of other bones that produces red blood cells

yellow bone marrow

The fat found in the long bone medulaary cavity

endosteum

The thin membrane that lines the bone inside cavity

osteon

The subunit of compact bone that consist of bone tissue around the Haversian central channel?

a line

Forms at the ends of the bone after the epiphyseal plates harden

Head (bone marking)

A round knob like end of a bone separated from the bone by a neck

Crest

A distinct border or ridge

Spine

A sharp projection from the surface of a bone

foramen magnum of occipital bone

opening through which spinal cord connects to lower brain

Sinus

Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane in the skull

meatus

A short channel or passageway

axial

Name the division of the skeletal system that included the head, thorax, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.

appendicular

Name the division of the skeletal system that includes the shoulders, hips and extremities.

Hyoid bone

The U shaped bone under the lower jaw

carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

bones of the hand (wrist to fingers)

coxal bone

hip bone composed of 3 parts illium, ischium, and pubis forming the pelvic girdle

Patella

Kneecap

tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

bones ankle to toes

pectoral girdle

clavicle and scapula

coccyx

The vertebrae at the end of the spine/tailbone

atlas

1st cervical vertebrae

axis bone (C2)

cervicle vertebrae, allows the head to rotate/pivot

scoliosis

lateral curvature of the vertebral column

True ribs

7 pairs of ribs are attached to the sternum individually

false ribs (8-12)

The false ribs have an indirect attachment to the sternum via

the cartilage of rib 7 or they don"t have any cartilaginous attachment to the sternum (floating ribs).

floating ribs (11-12)

The floating ribs are a type of false rib that does not

have an attachment to the sternum.

What is the difference between male and female pelvis?

1. Male-more curved, longer sacrum & the inlet is narrower more heart-shaped

female-lighter, wider, more flared & the inlet is larger more oval for child bearing

What is the difference between a male and female skull? (honors)

1. Male skulls have larger mastoid process (projections behind the ears), while female skulls have smaller process.

2. Male skulls have more prominent eyebrow ridges, while female skulls have smoother supraorbital ridges.

amphiarthrosis/amphiarthrotic (honors)

slightly movable joints like those in the vertebrae

synarthrosis/synarthrotic (honors)

non movable joint like those in the skull

Diarthrosis/diarthrotic (honors)

freely movable joints most joints like the knee and shoulder etc.

gliding/condyloid joint

Which type of joint has the least or smallest range of motion

saddle

The joint where one bone fits into a saddle like depression on another bone.

hinge joint

Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane

ball and socket

The joint where the ball-like surface on one bone fits into a deep cuplike depression in another bone with the greatest movement

ligaments

Bands of dense regular connective tissue that connect 1 bone to another.bone

tendons

The cord of regular dense connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Rickets disease

skeletal disorder that results in softening and weakening of bones (lower limbs can even bend under the body's weight) that is important in growth and development

caused by lack of Vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate

articular cartilage

The cartilage that protects ends bones surfaces in a synovial joint

sacrum

The spinal column forms part of the bony pelvis

resorption

The breakdown of bone tissue by osteoclasts

anterior fontanel

The large soft spot of an infants skull at the junction of the 2 parietal and frontal bone

Closed

A simple bone fracture with no open wound

Open

A broken bone protrudes through the skin or an external wound leads to a broken bone.

Greenstick

An incomplete fracture is where one side of the bone is broken and the other is bent. Most common in children

Impacted (honors)

The broken ends of the bone are jammed into each other

Comminuted

There is more than one fracture line. The bone is splintered or crushed.

Spiral

The bone has been twisted apart

longitudinal/linear(honors)

fracture line runs along length of bone

Avulsion break

(honors)

Broken piece of bone

Transverse

The fracture goes straight across the bone

Oblique

The break occurs at an angle across the bone

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.

Calcaneus

heel bone-largest tarsal

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP)

rare genetic disease where bone forms in wrong places replacing connective tissue (heterotropic bones) after minor injuries, replacing muscle tissue, etc.

hip replacement

Replace Acetabelum, create new ball and put rod into the femur

pivot joint movement

atlas and axis, radius and ulna- twisting back and forth

What is hematopoiesis & its location?

producing red blood cell formation In adults- found in axial skeleton, girdles, and proximal epiphyses of the humerus and femur

bone shape examples

Their names are descriptive except sesamoid: long-femur/humerus, short-wrist/ankles, flat-sternum, irregular-vertebrae, sesamoid-patella (between tendons)

spina bifida

congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts

open reduction

involves surgical exposure of the bone and the use of plates, screws, or pins to realign the fragments

closed reduction, external fixation of a fracture

external manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment

labeled skeleton

Know

bone cells

Know the labels of the Osteon/structural unit of bone-Haversian canal in the center with the blood vessels, surrounded by concentric lamellae. Osteocytes in lacunea connected by calnaliculi. Perforating Volkman's canals connecting and carrying nutrients accross the lamellaes--Most missed area on test-hint hint

long bone areas

Know the labels

skull labeled

Sutures (Honors)