Botany Lab Practical #1

Butler

Shoot Apical Meristem

Root Apical Meristem

Yellow Arrow - Middle Lamella

Yellow Arrow

White Arrow - Plasmodesmata

White Arrow

Primary Cell Wall

Cytoplasm

Plasma Membrane

Vacuole

Crystals of Zabrina (Calcium Oxalate), found in plant Vacuoles

Where are these found, what are they?

Red Onion Plant Vacuole

Elodea

Chloroplast

Chromoplast

Amyloplast without stain

Amyloplast with stain

Elaioplast

Hepatophyta

Liverworts

Marchantia

Liverwort

Marchantia Thallus Living, Liverworts, Hepatophyta

Marchantia Thallus Cross Section

Storage Parenchyma in marchantia cross section

where is it located?

Air Chamber in Marchantia Cross Section

Photosynthetic Filaments Marchantia Cross Section

Upper Epidermis Marchantia Cross Section

Rhizoid marchantia Cross Section

Marchantia Archegonial Stalk (plant)

Marchantia Antheridium Living

Marchantia Antheridium

Marchantia Archegonium

Marchantia Sporophyte

Marchantia Seta

Marchantia Gametophyte Tissue

Marchantia Spore

Marchantia Foot

Marchantia Capsule/Sporangium - spores

What comes out of this structure?

Marchantia Elater

Marchantia Calypatra

Anthocerotophyta

Hornworts

Anthocerophyta/ Hornwort

Anthocerophyta/Hornwort Sporangium

Moss Protonema with Bulbis (bulbs develop into a leafy moss gametophyte)

What do the Bulbs develop into?

Protonema

Mnium Antheridium

Mnium Archegonium

Moss Sporophyte (plant)

Gemme of Marchantia (Living)

Parenchyma (epidermal) Tissue

Do not possess chloroplasts

Guard Cells

Stoma

Trichome

Collenchyma

Collenchyma

Hint: thick corners, unevenly shaped

Stone Cells/ Sclereids

Astrosclereid

Macerated Sclerenchyma fibers

Vascular Bundle

Xylem

Phloem

Psilophyta

Whisk Fern

Lycopodiophyta

Club Mosses

Equisetophyta

Horse tails

Pteridophyta

True Ferns

Psilotum Plant/Whisk Fern

Rhizome Cross Section

Rhizome is the underground stem of a Psilotum

Note - can tell rhizome by the parenchyma surrounding the vascular tissue in the middle (not in bundles)

• What is this?

Sporangia

Lycopodium/Club Mosses

Lycopodium Root (Club Mosses)

Strobilus (Plant)

-entire cone!

Equisetum Spores (Horsetails)

Elaters (Equsitum/horsetails)

Equisetum/Horsetails

Pteridophyta/True Ferns

Sorus/Sori on the underside of a true Fern

Fern Spores

Note - no elaters (unlike equisetum)

Fern Young Prothallus

Note - fragmented filaments

young gametophyte growing from initial stage to flattened prothallus via branching growth

Fern Prothallus (gametophyte)

Fern Prothallus (gametophyte)

-Rhizoids

• what is this? what are the clear string structure?

Prothallus

Prothallus Archegonium

Prothallus Antheridium

Antheridia

Archegonium

Fern Embryo/Fern Young Sporophyte

Fern Embryo/Young Sporophyte (with first developing fern frond)

Fern Sporophylls

What is the WHOLE LEAF called?

Fern Sporophylls

Whole leaf

Sorus/Sori (cluster of sporangia)

Sporangia

Spores

Corn root tip

what type of root tip is this?

Radish root - taproot system

Label the root cap, zone of elongation, apical root meristem, and zone of maturation

Epidermis

Thin outer layer around the entire cell

Cortex

Outer region filled with large polygon cells

Endodermis

Distinct ring of darker, thick walled cells separating the cortex from the vascular tissue

Pericycle

The layer of cells immediately inside the endodermis

Pith

Tightly packed parenchyma cells in the very center

Epidermis

Cortex