Unit 2 - Vocab

All the genes present in an organism

Genome

Viral DNA of a bacteriophage after it has been inserted into the organism’s DNA

Prophage (provirus)

Sequence of bases that makes up the genome

DNA sequence

Sequencing a specific gene or region of the genome

Targeted sequencing

Study of all the genes in an organism

Whole genome sequencing

The process within genome sequencing where shared sequences of genes are identified and aligned

Alignment

Regions of DNA that encode a protein

Open reading frames

Type of gene transfer that occurs in prokaryotes where genes are transferred from a donor cell into a recipient cell

Horizontal gene transfer

Type of gene transfer where genes are transferred from the parent cell to each daughter cell directly during genome replication and cell devision

Vertical gene transfer

Cluster of genes that are presumed to be involved in pathogenesis revealed during comparative genomics

Pathogenicity Islands

Type of genome in comparative genomics of all genes common to all organisms in being evalutated

Core genome

Type of genome in comparative genomics that is the sum of all genes in all organism’s being compared

Pan genome

Comparison of genomes of multiple strains of the same microorgaism

Comparative genomics

Evolutionary relationship of organism

Phylogeny

Ancestor that is shared by multiple organisms or multiple strains of the same microorganism

Common ancestor

Gene that encodes the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene

16s rRNA gene

Type of sequencing that looks at the 16s RNA gene to determine phylogeny of a microorganism

16s rRNA gene sequencing

Region of rRNA gene that provides a lot of information for the creation of phylogenic trees

Variable region

Change in the orientation of a section of the genome

Inversion

Where one part of the genome moves to another area

Translocation

Where one part of the genome is removed

Deletion

The way genomes change

Mutation

The arrangement of shared sequences in DNA sequencing that into a linear sequence

Overlap

The synthesis of all shared DNA sequences from genome sequencing into one linear sequence of DNA

Concensus sequence

Larger regions of aligned sequences in the DNA sequencing process

Contigs

Where the genome is sequenced over 500 times to look for mutations in a population of cells

Deep sequencing

Site where ribosomes bind to begin translating a gene on RNA

Ribosomal binding site

Usually an ATG codon - starting codon of the coding sequence

Start codon

Sequence of bases that are always in multiple of 3’s that is translated to create a string of amino acids

Coding sequence

Node

Place on phylogentic tree where on branch of an organism(s) splits off from the line of organisms

DNA probes

Enzyme extracted DNA sequences that are specific to different species or even strains of microorganisms