CHEM20: CHAPTER 5-6

strong electrolytes

break apart in water completely, conduct electricity

weak electrolytes

partially break apart in water, conduct somewhat

nonelectrolytes

dont create ions in water, dont conduct

formation through dissociation

ionic compound breaks apart in water into individual ions

dissociation equations

coefficient means the number of atoms (mg2 = 2mg)

breaks into individual elements with appropriate charges

base

solution that dissociates into OH ions

acids

solution that ionizes into h ions

energy to bond breaking and making

break in make out

exothermic

more energy our than in

endothermic

more energy in than out

solubility

how concentrated a solution is

saturated solution

solvent holds as much solute as possible

unsaturated solution

solvent is able to hold more solute

supersaturated

unstable solution that occurs when solvent holds more solute than possible at that temperature

solids

higher temp = higher solubility

gases

lower temp = higher solubility

hydronium

h+ and water form to make h3o

logarithmic

every # equals a 10x change in the basicness/ acidity

pH

-log [H3O]

hydronium amount

[H3O] = 10 ^-pH

ph + pOH

=14, pH of 3 → pOH of 11

indicators

substances that change colour when pH changes

H3O+ production

acids produce h3o