Clinical Psychology - Exam 2 Review

Vocabulary practice flashcards based on the Exam 2 Review notes for Clinical Psychology Assessment, covering assessment interviewing, intelligence testing, personality scales, and clinical integration.

Clinical Assessment Interview

An assessment format directed by goals in the referral question that involves limited self-disclosure, ethical and legal considerations, and systematic attention to relevant information, unlike natural social conversations.

Sensitivity

In clinical assessments, the proportion of true positives correctly identified.

Dominic Interactive

An assessment screening tool that uses cartoon drawings as cues for children ages 6 to 11 rather than providing a DSM-IV diagnosis.

Suggestibility

The degree to which the encoding, storage, retrieval, and reporting of events can be influenced by a the counsellor. High in children

Intake Interview

An interview designed to determine whether a client needs treatment, what form of treatment is needed, and whether the current facility can provide that treatment.

Directive Interviewing Style

An interviewing approach that involves asking specific questions to obtain more information, which may potentially compromise the therapeutic relationship.

Limits of Confidentiality

Ethical and legal boundaries in psychological services requiring breach of confidentiality (duty to warn) in cases of imminent harm to self or others.

WAIS-IV

A standardized maximum-performance adult intelligence test where administration must strictly follow the manual, beginning with an initial block design task using red and white blocks.

Fluid Intelligence ($Gf$)

The innate intellectual potential that reflects the ability to solve novel problems.

Crystallized Intelligence ($Gc$)

Knowledge acquired throughout life, accumulated from both formal education and general life experiences.

Three-Stratum Theory of Intelligence

Carroll's (1993) hierarchical model organizing cognitive abilities into Stratum III (General intelligence, $g$), Stratum II (Broad abilities), and Stratum I (69 Narrow abilities).

WIAT

An individual achievement test used to assess academic performance in reading, writing, and math.

WPPSI

A Wechsler intelligence scale developed in 1967 designed for children aged 2 years 6 months to 7 years 7 months.

Binet-Simon IQ Ratio

The original intelligence quotient formula calculated as $\left(\frac{\text{Mental Age}}{\text{Chronological Age}}\right) \times 100$.

L Scale

A personality inventory validity scale measuring lying, typically indicating an attempt to engage in positive impression management ("faking good").

K Scale

A personality inventory validity scale measuring defensiveness and unwillingness to disclose personal information.

F Scale

A personality inventory validity scale measuring infrequency, often indicating an attempt to engage in negative impression management ("faking bad").

Malingering

The intentional exaggeration or fabrication of psychological or physical symptoms motivated by an external incentive.

MMPI-2 Code Types

Scale configurations identified by the highest elevation or the first two highest elevation clinical scores falling above the normal line, used for clinical hypothesis generation.

MCMI-IV

A personality assessment with a grade 5 reading level that uses base rate scores, aligns directly with DSM-5 criteria, and features strong validity indicators suitable for high-risk and forensic settings.

Clinical Utility

The extent to which assessment information meaningfully improves clinical decisions or client outcomes. (Good psychometrics and psychologists like it)

Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)

An objective personality inventory for individuals aged 19 to 89 containing 344 items with a four-choice response format, written at a grade 4 reading level.

Recall Bias

The systematic tendency of participants to remember and report information differently depending on their exposure or outcome status (such as a diagnosis).

Fundamental Attribution Error

The psychological bias wherein observers underestimate situational and environmental influences while overestimating dispositional or personality factors when explaining an actor's behavior.

Case Formulation

An integrated explanation linking symptoms, pre-existing vulnerabilities, stressors, and maintaining mechanisms to organize assessment data, explain functioning, and guide treatment.

Treatment Monitoring

The routine tracking of therapeutic progress to assess intervention effectiveness, detect deterioration, and allow necessary mid-treatment adjustments.

Percentile Rank

A statistical score indicating the percentage of scores within a norm group that fall below a given raw score.

Standard Score

A transformed score with a fixed mean and standard deviation (such as a Z-score) that enables comparisons across different populations or measurement tools.

Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R)

A 90-item self-report assessment focused on current psychological symptoms rather than personality traits.

Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)

A 21-item questionnaire assessing the severity of depression in individuals aged 13 and older across cognitive, affective, and somatic symptom domains.