Bone quiz

axial skeleton

includes head, vertebrae, ribs, central axis of body, protects vital organs

appendicular skeleton

limbs and girdles that attach to axial skeleton

long bone

most arms and legs, longer than they are wide

short bone

length and width are the same

sesamoid

develops away from the skeleton

hematoptec tissue

red bone marrow, fills in gaps of spongy bones

compact bone

dense bone tissue, provides protection and strength

spongy bone

tissue inside, allows space, bone marrow

cancelous bone

absorbs shock

hyoid

only bone not attached

epicondyle

round bump on bone, that attaches muscles and ligaments

medullary cavity

where bone marrow is kept

epiphysis

end if bone

epiphyseal plate

growth plate, separated diaphysis and epiphysis where bone growth occurs

articular cartilage

the hylaine at the end of bone

axial

always red bone marrow

appendicular

red to yellow (all yellow by the time you’re 20)

spongy bone

trabecular (distributes weight easier)

C1 Atlas

looks like two hands that hold the skull

C2 Axis

looks like a den at the top that allows head to turn

cervical

(7) neck region, small, 2 holes

thoratic (12)

spine part points down

lumabr (5)

moose shaped, base of back, points to side

sacral or sacrum

5 fused vertebrae

Coccyx (4)

4 fused vertebrae

osteogenic

type of bone stem cell

osteoblast

form a substance

osteocyte

make up parts of bones

osteoclast

breaks down old bone tissue

stem cell

cell before differentiation

hydroxyaotities

made of mineral salts and calcium phosphate

transverse

side to side

linear

thin/straight break

simple

still in skin

compound

sticking out of skin

displaced

not in the same alignment

non-displaced

still in alignment

endosteum

membrane surrounding medullary cavity

periosteum

membrane tissue on the outside of the bone

osteogenesis (ossification)

bone formation and development

endochondral

cartilage to bone

intramembranous

tissue to bone

interstitial growth

bone is growing taller (once done, it’s done)

appositional

bone is growing thicker (happens entire life)

hematoptic tissue

inside spongy bone

hemoridge

active bleed, uncontrolled blood loss from damaged blood vessels

epiphyseal plate: zone 1

resting cartilage

epiphyseal plate: zone 2

proliferation, chondrolytes divide, growth happens

epiphyseal plate: zone 3

hypertrophy

epiphyseal plate: zone 4

calification

epiphyseal plate: zone 5

ossified bone

comminuted fracture

bone shattered

spiral fracture

not facing the same way it used to

tendon

connects bone to muscle

ligament

connects bone to bone

depressed fracture

indent in skull

compression fracture

vertebrae breaks

epiphyseal plate

growth plate fracture

comminuted

bone shatters in 3 or more places