Module 3: Class 7 Behavior, Identity, Impulse, and Addiction

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by food restriction leading to significantly low weight, marked body-image disturbance, fear of weight gain, and physical signs such as bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia, dry skin, and lanugo.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder marked by recurring loss-of-control binge episodes followed by compensatory behaviors (such as self-induced vomiting or laxative misuse), overvaluing weight and shape, and physical clues like dental erosion, parotid enlargement, and Russell sign.

Binge-Eating Disorder

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of rapid eating past fullness without physical hunger, often done alone due to embarrassment, accompanied by marked distress, shame, and depression, with no compensatory purging behaviors.

Russell Sign

Calluses or abrasions on the knuckles or dorsal aspect of the hand caused by repeated contact with incisors during self-induced vomiting; a key physical clue of bulimia nervosa.

Lanugo

Fine, downy hair that grows on the body and limbs as a physiological response to severe food restriction, malnourishment, and hypothermia in anorexia nervosa.

Refeeding Syndrome

A potentially fatal metabolic complication occurring during nutrition restoration in severely malnourished clients, where insulin surge causes rapid intracellular shifts of electrolytes, leading to severe hypophosphatemia, cardiac failure, and respiratory weakness.

Fluoxetine

An SSRI medication indicated in the treatment of bulimia nervosa to assist in interrupting and stopping the binge-purge cycle.

Lisdexamfetamine

A central nervous system stimulant medication approved for the pharmacological management of moderate-to-severe binge-eating disorder to help reduce binge episodes.

Pica

A feeding disorder characterized by the persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances, carrying priority risks of systemic toxicity and gastrointestinal obstruction.

Rumination Disorder

A feeding disorder characterized by the repeated, effortless regurgitation of food following meals, which may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out, posing primary risks of malnutrition and pulmonary aspiration.

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

A feeding disorder defined by food avoidance or restricted nutritional intake driven by lack of interest, sensory characteristics, or fear of aversive consequences (not weight/shape concerns), leading to growth deficiencies and malnutrition.

Gender Identity

An individual's internal, deeply felt sense of psychological gender experience, which is entirely self-defined and may evolve over time.

Gender Expression

The external manifestation and presentation of gender through clothing, hairstyle, voice, mannerisms, behavior, and social interactions.

Gender Dysphoria

Clinically significant distress or functional impairment resulting from an incongruence between an individual's experienced/expressed gender and assigned sex at birth.

Paraphilia

Any intense and persistent atypical sexual interest directed toward non-human objects, nonconsenting individuals, or the suffering/humiliation of oneself or a partner, which is not inherently diagnostic of a psychiatric disorder on its own.

Paraphilic Disorder

A paraphilia that causes subjective distress, functional impairment, or involves personal harm or action against nonconsenting persons, thereby requiring clinical assessment and treatment.

Voyeuristic Disorder

A paraphilic disorder characterized by recurrent, intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting, nonconsenting person who is naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity.

Exhibitionistic Disorder

A paraphilic disorder characterized by recurrent, intense sexual arousal from exposing one's genitals to an unsuspecting, nonconsenting person.

Frotteuristic Disorder

A paraphilic disorder characterized by recurrent, intense sexual arousal derived from touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person, often in crowded public areas.

Sexual Masochism Disorder

A paraphilic disorder involving recurrent, intense sexual arousal from being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer, carrying significant risk of physical injury.