Executive branch buzzwords

Formal (enumerated) powers

Powers of the president that are specifically written and granted in the Constitution.

Informal (inherent) powers

Powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution but claimed or necessary to execute official responsibilities.

Veto

The constitutional power of the president to refuse approval of a bill passed by Congress, preventing it from becoming law.

Pocket veto

An indirect rejection of a bill that occurs when the president takes no action and Congress adjourns within ten days of submitting it.

Commander in Chief

The constitutional role designating the president as the supreme civilian leader of the nation's military forces.

Executive agreement

An international pact negotiated directly between the president and the head of a foreign state without requiring Senate approval.

Executive order

A presidential directive that manages operations of the federal government and carries the force of law without congressional approval.

Signing statement

A written comment issued by the president upon approving a bill, explaining their interpretation of the new law.

Appointments

The process by which the president selects officials for cabinet, judicial, and diplomatic posts, typically requiring Senate confirmation.

Twenty-Second Amendment

The constitutional amendment that limits the president to two terms in office, or a maximum of ten years.

State of the Union

A constitutionally mandated annual address where the president reports on the condition of the country and outlines upcoming policy goals.

Bully pulpit

The prominent public platform and media visibility of the presidency, used to advocate agendas directly to the people.