high yield 55

Cellulitis

Acute bacterial infection of deeper skin and subcutaneous tissues; presents with localized erythema, warmth, edema, poorly defined margins, and tenderness.

Erysipelas

Acute superficial skin infection involving the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics; presents with a bright red, raised plaque with sharply demarcated borders (often on face or legs).

Folliculitis

Infection of hair follicles that may progress to furuncles/boils; presents with pustules centered on hair follicles and painful nodules.

Pseudomonas Folliculitis

Superficial follicular infection associated with warm pools/hot tubs; presents with a pruritic rash and pustules under swimwear areas.

Impetigo

Highly contagious superficial skin infection; presents with vesicles/pustules that rupture and form honey-colored crusts around the mouth/nose.

Bacterial Lymphadenitis

Inflammation and infection of regional lymph nodes; presents with enlarged, tender, warm, erythematous lymph nodes (fluctuant if abscessed).

Cat Scratch Disease

Regional lymphadenopathy following a cat scratch or bite; presents with a scratch papule and chronic regional lymphadenopathy.

Lymphangitis

Acute infection of lymphatic vessels spreading from a skin wound; presents with red, warm streaks tracking from a wound toward regional lymph nodes.

Bubonic Plague

Severe zoonotic infection of regional lymph nodes; presents with painful swollen lymph nodes (buboes) and high fever.

Tularemia

Zoonotic infection presenting with an ulcerated inoculation site lesion and painful regional lymphadenopathy.

Bacterial Pneumonia

Acute infection and inflammation of lung parenchyma/alveoli; presents with productive cough, green/rusty sputum, fever, and pleuritic chest pain.

Tuberculosis

Chronic pulmonary infectious disease; presents with chronic cough, night sweats, weight loss, and hemoptysis.

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Acute infection of throat and tonsils; presents with severe sore throat, tonsillar exudate, fever, and cervical adenopathy.

Pertussis

Highly contagious respiratory disease; presents with paroxysmal coughing fits, high-pitched whoop, and post-tussive vomiting.

Bacterial Sinusitis

Infection of paranasal sinuses following a viral URI; presents with facial pain/pressure, nasal congestion, and purulent nasal discharge.

Infective Endocarditis

Infection of the endocardium/heart valves with vegetations; presents with fever, heart murmur, Osler's nodes, Janeway lesions, and fatigue.

Bacteremia / Septicemia

Presence of bacteria in bloodstream progressing to systemic infection; presents with high fever, chills, tachycardia, hypotension, and confusion.

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Chronic valvular heart damage following acute rheumatic fever/strep throat; presents with carditis, joint pain, chest pain, dyspnea(shortness of breath), and friction rub.

Bacterial Myocarditis

Inflammation/injury of heart muscle; presents with chest pain, arrhythmias, fatigue, and signs of heart failure.

Bacterial Pericarditis

Inflammation/infection of the pericardial sac; presents with sharp chest pain relieved by leaning forward and a pericardial friction rub.

Salmonellosis

Gastrointestinal infection causing watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and fever.

Campylobacteriosis

Acute bacterial gastroenteritis presenting with bloody diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, fever, and malaise.

Cholera

Acute secretory diarrheal disease presenting with profuse rice-water diarrhea, vomiting, and rapid dehydration.

Gastric Ulcers

Peptic ulcer disease of gastric mucosa; presents with burning epigastric pain, bloating, and dyspepsia(upper abdominal pain after eating).

Clostridioides difficile Colitis

Antibiotic-associated colitis; presents with frequent watery diarrhea, foul stool odor, and abdominal pain.

Bacterial Meningitis

Infection of brain/spinal meninges; presents with nuchal rigidity (stiff neck), high fever, photophobia, and positive Kernig's/Brudzinski's signs.

Tetanus

Neurologic disease caused by tetanospasmin; presents with trismus (lockjaw), muscle rigidity, spasms, and opisthotonos.

Botulism

Neurologic illness caused by neurotoxin; presents with symmetric descending flaccid paralysis, dysphagia, and ptosis.

Brain Abscess

Localized pus collection in brain tissue; presents with localized headache, focal neurologic deficits, seizures, and nausea/vomiting.

Listeriosis (CNS)

Invasive CNS infection causing meningitis/meningoencephalitis; presents with headache, altered mental status, ataxia, tremors, and seizures.

Osteomyelitis

Acute/chronic bone infection; presents with bone pain, swelling, warmth, limited range of motion, and fever.

Septic Arthritis

Infection of joint space; presents with a warm, red, swollen joint, severe pain with movement, and fever.

Prosthetic Joint Infection

Infection involving artificial joint/hardware; presents with chronic joint pain, sinus tract drainage, and joint instability.

Lyme Arthritis

Late manifestation of Lyme disease; presents with episodic joint swelling (commonly knees), pain, and fatigue.

Brucellosis (Spinal)

Systemic zoonotic infection with vertebral involvement; presents with chronic back pain, vertebral tenderness, and undulating fever.

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Rapidly progressive infection of fascia; presents with tissue swelling, unstable blood flow, bloody/yellow fluid-filled blisters, tissue necrosis(death of cells), hypotension, and sepsis.

Pyomyositis

Primary skeletal muscle infection; presents with deep muscle pain, induration, localized swelling, and high fever.

Gas Gangrene

Rapidly progressive myonecrosis; presents with severe pain out of proportion, crepitus(crackling sound), and foul-smelling discharge.

Non-Clostridial Myonecrosis

Severe muscle necrosis caused by aerobic/facultative Gram-negative bacteria; presents with muscle pain, swelling, gas formation, purulent discharge, and fever.

Secondary Bacterial Myositis

Muscle inflammation/infection contiguous to another process; presents with muscle tenderness, induration, and localized warm abscesses.

Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis

Acute thyroid infection; presents with anterior neck pain radiating to ears, thyroid swelling, dysphagia, and fever.

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

Fulminant meningococcal septicemia with adrenal hemorrhage; presents with petechiae/purpura, rapid circulatory collapse, and acute adrenal crisis.

Suppurative Parotitis

Bacterial parotid gland infection; presents with painful pre-auricular swelling and purulent discharge from Stensen's duct.

Pituitary Abscess

Localized pituitary region infection; presents with severe headache, visual field defects, and pituitary hormone deficiencies.

Pancreatic Abscess

Localized infected fluid collection in/around pancreas; presents with epigastric pain radiating to back, high fever, and leukocytosis.

Cystitis

Bladder infection; presents with dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and hematuria.

Pyelonephritis

Kidney and renal pelvis infection; presents with flank pain, CVA tenderness, fever, chills, nausea/vomiting, and dysuria.

Acute Bacterial Prostatitis

Prostate infection; presents with perineal/back pain, dysuria, urinary retention, fever, and prostate tenderness.

Renal Abscess

Localized collection of pus within or around the kidney; presents with flank pain, abdominal mass, and persistent fever despite UTI therapy.

Urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra; presents with mucopurulent discharge, dysuria, and urethral itching.

Chlamydia

STI producing cervicitis/urethritis; often asymptomatic, or presents with mucopurulent discharge, dysuria, and pelvic pain.

Gonorrhea

Mucosal STI; presents with thick purulent discharge, dysuria, and pelvic/testicular symptoms.

Syphilis

Multistage STI; presents with primary chancre, secondary rash including palms/soles, and tertiary gummas or neurosyphilis.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Ascending upper female genital tract infection; presents with lower abdominal pain, cervical motion tenderness, discharge, and dyspareunia.

Bacterial Vaginosis

Polymicrobial vaginal dysbiosis; presents with thin grayish-white discharge, fishy odor, positive whiff test, and mild pruritus.