world history chapter 5 test

includes vocab, pharaohs, government, religion, afterlife, women's rights, geography, etc

papyrus

reed plant that grows wild along the Nile River

cataract

a waterfall or rapid in a river

delta

a fan shaped area of silt near where a river flows into an area (in this case to the Mediterranean)

dynasty

line of rulers from one family

bureaucrat

a government official

theocracy

a government of religious leaders

pharaoh

ruler of ancient Egypt

hieroglyphics

a writing system made up of a combination of sound symbols and pictures

why was the pharaoh so powerful

this is because the Egyptians believed that a pharaoh or ruler unified their kingdom

why were Egyptians willing to follow a strong ruler

this was because they believed a pharaoh was very wise and far reaching leadership would help their kingdoms survive disasters such as war and famine

how was religion and government connected

people worshiped god’s their pharaoh did and believed that a pharaoh was a god on Earth so they would follow everything the pharaoh said because they believed he had all power over their life

what makes a government a theocracy

a government in which the same person is both the political leader and religious leader

role of bureaucrats

they carried out the pharaohs orders and supervised construction

who united upper and lower Egypt

narmer (menes)

how did strong leadership help unify Egypt

leaders would unify through force of military, religion, and central idea of administration.

narmer (menes)

unified upper and lower Egypt ( king of upper Egypt) United the kingdoms by conquering lower Egypt and marrying lower egypt’s princess and established a new city on the border of the kingdoms called Memphis and ruled from there

Hatshepsut

one of the few women pharaohs; ruled on behalf of her young nephew; she dressed in male pharaoh clothes, built temples/ restored old monuments all to prove she was a good leader

Hatshepsut’s beliefs

more interested in promoting trade than war, made great efforts to restore trade relations but was interrupted by the Hyksos invasion

Ahmose

founded a new dynasty; began the new period called the New Kingdom and this was Egypt’s most powerful period

King Tut

was ten when he became ruler, restored the worship of many deities his father destroyed, and dies unexpectedly from a mystery while only ruling for few years

tut’s tomb

contained his mummy and a brilliant gold mask of his face founded in 1922 by Howard Carter

Osiris

gave people laws and taught them to farm; married to Iris; ruled over the world of the death

iris

Osiris’s wife, represented a faithful

afterlife

egyptians believed it would be better than present life, believed Osiris greeted those who had just died at the gate to the next world, also believed if they lived good lives and knew the spells they would get eternal life in the afterlife

pharaohs in the afterlife

many beloved the afterlife was only for the pharaohs and that they would protect Egypt from the afterlife

religious founder

Amenhotep IV (later changed to Akhenaten - Tut’s father)

Amenhotep believed

priests had grown to powerful and was threatened by it. so he started a new religion wanting to reduce their power

Amenhotep’s religion

worshiped Aton (sun god) and made it so Egyptians could only worship this god

the purpose of the Book of the Dead

a book of prayers and magic spells Egyptians believed you had to study before being let into the afterlife

purpose of building pyramids

they were believed to protect the bodied of dead pharaohs from floods, animals, and robbers

purpose of placing the pharaohs belongings in the tomb with them

the pyramids preserved the belongings for centuries

purpose of pyramids in Egyptian religion

they served as sacred tombs and symboled great authority and importance for pharaohs and the pyramid protected the mummified body

Why was the Nile was called the “lifeblood of Egypt”

it supplied water for crops, they received little rain so it was their drinking and bathing water, when it flooded it would bring silt and also provided protection because the cataracts prevented enemy from attacking

flooding was helpful because

it provided silt or fertile soil for farming

why were the Nile and Nile delta good areas for farming

it left behind rich soil

how did Egyptians use the Nile during dry season

farmers would irrigate their crops and scooped out basins in the earth to store the river water allowing water to flow to their crops

where is Egypt’s delta located

lower egypt

The Niles effect on Egypt civilization and everyday life

annual flooding left soil for farming, the floods also provided transportation of heavy cargo which was placed on the river and the currents took it to a location, it also provided crops, fish, and water for the people of Egypt, lastly it provided a surplus of materials which the Egyptians would trade for materials such as copper and wood.