gen chem chapter 4: definitions and equations

solute

the dissolved substance

solvent

the more abundant component (usually water unless stated)

electrolyte

present as ions in solution, conducts electricity

strong electrolyte

fully ionized

weak electrolyte

partially ionized

non-electrolyte

no ions

molarity

M = n/v (mol solute per L of solution)

dilution

m1v1 = m2v2 (moles of solute are constant)

ion concentration

[ion] = M x subscript

precipitate

a solid that forms in solution during a reaction

soluble

dissolves to more than 0.1M

insoluble

does not dissolve to more than 0.1M

molecular equation

the balanced reaction with whole formulas

complete ionic equation

all aqueous strong electrolytes split into ions

net ionic equation

the complete ionic equation with spectators removed

spectator ions

ions unchanged on both sides

gravimetric analysis

finding the amount of a substance by measuring the mass of a precipitate

arrhenius acid

produces h+ in water

arrhenius base

produces oh- in water

acid + base

—> salt + h2o

titrant

the known solution (burette)

equivalence point

exactly enough titrant has been added to react completely

oxidation number (ON)

the effective charge on an atom in a compound

OIL RIG

Oxidation Is Loss (of e-), Reduction Is Gain of e-

oxidizing agent

gets reduced (takes e-)

reducing agent

gets oxidized (gives e-)

if asked which substance is oxidized or reduced…

give the whole compound