health and human exam

Macronutrient

Nutrients required by the body in large quantities for energy production.

Micronutrient

Nutrients required by the body in small quantities for vital chemical reactions

Carbohydrates

Bodies main source of energy required for metabolism and growth

Fibre

Bulks bodies stools and absorbs water

Protien

Required for growth maintenance and repair of body cells. Bodies secondary source of energy

Saturated Fat

Increases levels of LDL cholesterol

Trans fat

Increases levels of LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL cholesterol

monounsaturated fat

lower LDL and supports healthy cell production and help absorb vitamins

iron

Essential part of haemoglobin required to carry oxygen around the body.

calcium

required for the ossification of hard tissus and helps strengthen tooth enamel

sodium

required for maintaining fluid balance inside cells and outside.

vitiman c

required for soft tissue formation, important for wound healing and fighting infection.

vitman d

Essential for the absorption of calcium from small intestine and assits in nerve signalling between brain and body

folate

Important in DNA synthesis and development of red blood cells.

australian guide for health eating (AGHE)

Federal government initiative, pie chart with 5 food groups

Health star rating

not mandatory and ranks risk and protective factors goes from ½ to 5 stars

Healthy eating pyramid

non government represent 5 basic food groups arranged into 4 levels

foods for carbohydrates

Bread, Pasta, Rice

foods for fibre

Fruit with skin, Grains

foods for protien

Eggs, Chicken, Beef

foods for saturated fat

Processed foods, Fatty cuts of meat

foods for trans fats

Cake, cookies, deep fried food

food for monounsaturated fats

avocado, olive oil

water function

forms the basis of blood, urine and sweat

foods for iron

Lean red meat, Eggs, Green leafy veggies

foods for calcium

Milk, yogurt, Fish with bones

foods for sodium

Table salt, Processed food, Processed meats

foods for vitiman C

Oranges, Green leafy veggies

foods for vit D

Salmon, Egg yolk, fortified breakfast cerals

Foods for folate

Citrus fruits, Green leafy veggies, Fortified breakfast cereals

Overconsumption of saturated and trans fats long term

Type 2 diabetes where blood glucose levels are elevated

Overconsumption of carbohydrates

type 2 diabetes

Overconsumption of sodium

Hyper tension

Underconsumption of fibre short

constipation

Underconsumption of fibre long

Colorectal cancer

underconsumption of iron long

Anemia

underconsumption of calcium long

Osteoporosis

polyunsaturated fats

Promotes heart health and reduce inflammation and promotes brain function

australian guide for health eating (AGHE) strenghts

provides clear simple nutritional messages for young people. Shows specific examples of each food. Provides low cost options

australian guide for health eating (AGHE) limitations

Does not provide information about serving size. Does not include information on composite food.

food for water

cucumber, watermelon and lettuce

food for polyunsaturated

Fish (salmon), walnuts, chia seeds

trusts Sources of nutrition information

dietician and nutritionist

evaluating validity of nutrition information

Read the URL
Examine the content of the website
Ask about publishers’ details
Look at the links

Commercial factors influencing healthy eating among youth

Food packaging and labelling
Marketing and use of the media

Health inequalities

differences in health status or in the distribution of health risk and protective factors.

risk factors

something that increases the likelihood of developing disease or injury

Protective factor

Something that enhances the likelihood of a positive health and wellbeing outcome

Health status

individual’s or population’s overall level of health and wellbeing

life expectancy

number of years of life on average remaining to an individual at a particular age.

Mortality

number of deaths in a population in a given period per 100,000

YLL

amount of years of expected life are lost due to premature death

Morbitity

levels of ill health within a population

YLD

how many healthy years of life are lost due to living with disease, injury or disability

Incidence

number of new cases of a disease in a population during a given period

Prevalence

number of cases of the disease present at a given time

Burden of disease

measure of the impact of diseases and injuries by measuring the gap between current health status and an ideal situation

DALY

one year of healthy life lost due to illness or death

Rates of hospilisation

provides an indication of levels of ill health that require medical treatment.

Core activity

three main areas of life self-care, mobility and communication

core activity limitation

when an individual has difficulty, with any of the three core activities

psychological distress

the unpleasant feelings and emotions that affect an individual’s level of functioning

WHO definition 1986

Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.

Chara of Physical HWB

• Healthy body weight

• Optimal levels of energy

• absence of illness, disease or injury

Chara of social HWB

• Supportive well function family

• Effective communication with others

• supportive network of friends

Chara of emotional HWB

• High level of resilience

• appropriate emotions in given situations

• ability to effectively manage emotions

WHO definition 1946

Health is a state of complete physical mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Physical HWB

The state and functioning of the body and its systems

Social HWB

The state and quality of interactions and relationship that an individual has with other people

emotional HWB

ability to express feelings in a appropriate way

Chara of Spiritual HWB

• Sense of belonging and connection to the world

• Acting according to values and beliefs

• positive meaning place and purpose in life

Self-esteem

A persons overall subjective emotional evaluation of their own worth

Infirmity

the quality or state of being weak or ill

Spiritual HWB

ideas beliefs values and ethics that an individual hold.

mental hwb

current state of a persons mind or brain and the ability to think and process information

Optimal HWB

highest level of health and wellbeing an individual can realistically attain, based on their individual differences

Resilience

The ability to effectively deal with adverse or negative events that occur throughout life.

Peace

Absence of conflict. Preserved buildings.

Shelter

a structure that provides protection from outside. Increased feelings of privacy, safety and security.

Food security

The state in which all persons obtain nutritionally adequate food regularly through local non-emergency sources

Social justice

equal rights for all and fairness in society regardless of all personal traits.

equity

the absence of unfair, avoidable or remediable differences

wellbeing

combination of all dimensions of health, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged

SES

The levels of income, education and employment

Sociocultural factors

Family, Peer group, education, income, health literacy

Sociocultural definition

Anything related to the social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, work and age that can affect health outcomes

prerequisites for health

Peace, Shelter, education, food, income, stable ecosystem, social justice, equity, sustainable resources

Health indicators

standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status

Self assesed health status

individual’s own perception of their health and wellbeing

Social HWB

The state and quality of interactions and relationship that an individual has with other people

emotional HWB

ability to express feelings in a appropriate way

Chara of mental HWB

• low levels of stress and anxiety

• positive though patterns

• High levels of confidence

Spiritual HWB

ideas beliefs values and ethics that an individual hold.

mental hwb

current state of a persons mind or brain and the ability to think and process information

Optimal HWB

highest level of health and wellbeing an individual can realistically attain, based on their individual differences

Shelter

.

out of pocket expenses

Costs of healthcare that insurance does not cover patients must pay themselves

medicare saftey net

ensures that people that require frequent medical services are covered by medicare

PBS saftey net

Ensures people who spend a large amount of money of pharmaceutical receive financial support

schedule fee

The amount that Medicare contributes towards a treatment