Carbon, Isomers, & functional
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/31
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai | Chat |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
32 Terms
What is carbon's atomic number?
6.
How many valence electrons does carbon have?
4.
Why is carbon important in biology?
It can form 4 covalent bonds, making large complex molecules possible.
What types of bonds can carbon form?
Single, double, and triple bonds.
What is an organic compound?
A compound containing carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds.
What is an inorganic compound?
A compound lacking carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds.
What structures can carbon form?
Chains, rings, and branched structures.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A molecule composed only of carbon and hydrogen.
Give examples of hydrocarbons.
Methane, propane, and butane.
Why are hydrocarbons important?
They store large amounts of chemical energy.
What is an isomer?
Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures.
What is a structural isomer?
Molecules with the same formula but different atom arrangements.
What are examples of structural isomers?
Butane and isobutane.
What is a geometric isomer?
Molecules differing in arrangement around a double bond.
What is a cis isomer?
Groups are on the same side of a double bond.
What is a trans isomer?
Groups are on opposite sides of a double bond.
What is an enantiomer?
Mirror-image isomers.
What are L- and D-isomers?
Two forms of enantiomers.
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms that gives an organic molecule specific properties.
What does a hydroxyl group (-OH) do?
Makes molecules polar and hydrophilic.
What does a methyl group (-CH₃) do?
Makes molecules nonpolar and hydrophobic.
What does a carbonyl group (C=O) do?
Makes molecules polar.
What does a carboxyl group (-COOH) do?
Makes molecules acidic by releasing H⁺.
What does an amino group (-NH₂) do?
Makes molecules basic by accepting H⁺.
What does a phosphate group (-PO₄) do?
Makes molecules acidic and negatively charged.
What does a sulfhydryl group (-SH) do?
Makes molecules polar.
Which functional group is hydrophilic and polar?
Hydroxyl.
Which functional group is hydrophobic and nonpolar?
Methyl.
Which functional groups are acidic?
Carboxyl and phosphate.
Which functional group is basic?
Amino.
Why are functional groups important?
They determine how molecules interact and function biologically.