HAA-01 Quiz 2 Important Added Stuff

Bent Access Approach

Seen in the Parthenon, one has to circumambulate a building in order to enter it.

Imhotep

The first Egyptian architect, the chief vizier to the Third-Dynasty Pharaoh Djoser. Step Pyramid complex at Saqqara, built near Memphis as a burial monument for King Djoser.

Faience

glass paste (mixture of sand and clay) fired to a shiny opaque finish. This is seen on the snake goddesses of the Minoan period

Pylon

Monumental gateway into a temple in which there are two sloping towers with a shorter middle, often seen in ancient egyptian architecture. Seen at the Great Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak

Hypostyle Hall

Seen at the Great Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak, a hall where the ceiling is supported by rows of columns. At the temple, The columns of the hypostyle hall represented marsh plants in stylized form: Their capitals emulated the shape of papyrus flowers and buds so that the building evoked the watery swamp of chaos

Corbel Vault

A corbel arch is formed by stacking stones, with each layer projecting slightly beyond the one below until the two sides meet at the top. Seen in the lower chamber in the pyramids of giza and the corbel arch seen in the walls of the Mycenaean great citadel at Tiryns.

Heraldic Pose

Heraldic positioning is when there are two objects symmetrically flanking a center object. This is seen in the relieving triangle in the Lion’s Gate at the great citadel at Mycenae

Relieving Triangle

a triangular empty or filled space above a doorway lintel that shifts the heavy weight of the stone wall away from the horizontal beam and into the side walls. Ex. The lion’s gate at the citadel of Mycenae

Tumulus

Burial mound sometimes found in akropolises, mostly in Etruscan funery areas. Ex. Cerveteri

Kylix

Shallow, wine-drinking cups from the Greek Geometric + Archaic Period. Often had image on the inside that was revealed as one drank.

Entasis

Slight swelling/curve in the middle of the column that creates the appearance of geometric perfection.

Parthenon

Temple at the Akropolis with a cult statue of Athena inside. It is an octastyle temple that uses entasis and ionic and doric orders. 9:4 ratio used to determine th spacing between columns. Has many important sculptures: The West Pediment shoes Athena vs. Poseidon, the East pediment shows the birth of Athena, the Metope frieze shows the sack of troy, gigantomachia and cantauromachia, the ionic frieze shows a procession, and there is the statue of Athena Parthenos.

Mycenaean vs. Minoan culture

Minoans lasted from 2000-1450 BCE and were from Crete. Their artwork took inspiration from nature, showing murals of dolphins at the palace of minos and the Spring Fresco in a room in Akrotiri. The Mycenaeans were from mainland greece — they built large fortifications called citadels and built shaft graves that were filled with opulent goods.

Parthenon West Pediment

The fight between Athena and Poseidon, the birth of Athena

Peristyle

A colonnade around a building or court, as seen around the Parthenon. Ionian frieze if present is located inside the peristyle.

Tholos

grave circle, as seen at the great citadel of Mycenae. The tholos there is located next to the Lion’s Gate. Underneath the grave circle is a large beehive burial chamber which is the largest unsupported covered space built anywhere before the pantheon.

Siphnian Treasury at Delphi

Has the first Ionic frieze depicting gigantomachia with themes of good vs. evil. It has two caryatides in front. It was built entirely from marble.