Justice & maintenance of order

…was a problem for all monarchs

regional government

why was regional government a problem for all monarchs

the amount of power that the king had to directly impact on decisions reduced the further away from the king

where was the kings power the weakest

the north where England shared a hostile boarder with Scotland

why did Henry face greater trouble than other monarchs

the nobility who were used to control regions were a threat to Henry

why were the nobility a threat to Henry

they had become more powerful over the course of the wars of the roses and bastard feudalism

how did Henry try and effectively manage the regions

increased the roles of JPs

there were on average….JPs per county

19

what was the role of JPs

implementation of laws & dispensing justice to criminals brought before them

JPs were not…

paid

JPs were often…

landowners

why was it in the JPs interest to ensure good order

they were prominent landowners

Henry altered the system by…

appointing lesser landowners to dilute the power of greater landowners

henry increased the power of JPs by…

widening their responsibilities

what did Henry do in 1485 to increase the power of JPs

JPs could arrest/question poachers or hunters in disguise as this could be a cover for rebellion

when could JPs arrest/question poachers or hunters in disguise as this could be a cover for rebellion

1485

what did Henry do in 1487 to increase the power of JPs

allowed JPs to could grant bail for those awaiting trial

when were JPs allowed to grant bail for those awaiting trial

1487

what were JPs allowed to do in 1495 to increase their power

they could replace members of juries who they suspected of having being bribe

when were JPs allowed to could replace members of juries who they suspected of having being bribe

1495

what was the primary motivator for JPs to succeed

they would have faced disgrace amongst their peers had they failed

Henry improved the…

administration of boarders

how did Henry improve administration of boarders

Jasper Tudor ran the council of Wales & the Earl of Surrey ran the council in the north

Henry kept a close watch on the councils in Wales and the north to make sure…

they were well led

why did Henry not attempt to create one system of local government

royal control over the kingdom was so uneven from place to place

what did Henry do instead of attempting to create one system of local government

relied on the most appropriate solution for each region

The British Isles in the 15th century were…

much less centralised than they are now

The British Isles in the 15th century were much less centralised than they are now. This means that…

the government used by Henry VII was different depending on the region

why was maintenance of law and order a prime concern for Henry

problems could lead to uprisings or rebellions

what did King’s do traditionally to exercise power

relied on well placed members of the nobility to exercise power on his behalf

there was a delicate balance to ensure that the more influential nobles did not…

become so powerful that they could challenge the king’s own authority

Henry did not have the luxury of Edward IV who

divided the country into spheres of influence each controlled by a great noble

why couldn’t Henry rely on magnates

The number of magnates had been reduced during the war of the roses & their land had fallen into the hands of the crown

who had power in Ireland

Henry was lord of Ireland but power lay with clan chieftains

who was the Earl of Kildare

Henry’s deputy in Ireland

what happened to the Earl of Kildare in Ireland

had sympathy for royal pretenders which forced Henry to remove him and install Sir Edward Ponynings in his place

who replaced the Earl of Kildare in Ireland

Sir Edward Ponynings

when was the Earl of Kildare removed from power in Ireland

1494

what happened to Sir Ponynings

his attempts to reduce the independence of the Irish parliament failed and was replaced with Kildare in 1496

how did Henry govern wales

restored the Council of Wales and staffed it with Welsh nobles under the leadership of Jasper Tudor

Scotland was a…

separate kingdom over which Henry has no contol

why was Scotland a threat to England

Scotland was traditionally friendly with France through the Auld Alliance

how did Henry govern the county of Durham

his authority was limited the prince-Bishop governed as a semi-independent ruler

the North of England was far from…

the centre of political power and had been loyal to the House of York

how did Henry govern the north of England

after the murder of the Earl of Northumberland, put the Earl of Surrey in place as he had no strong base of support to rival Henry

Magnate control was largely confined to the..

north of England

what happened to Northumerland in 1489

murdered

why was the Earl of Northumberland replaced with the Earl of Surrey in 1489

he was murdered

when was the Earl of Surrey released from the tower

1489

why was the Earl of Surrey released from the tower

henry was left without magnate control in a strategically important area after the death of Northumberland

in the rest of the country Henry had to rely on those whom..

he did trust but who lacked resources of the great magnates

how was Henry’s lack of trust demonstrated

employed a spy network to report on magnate performance