Cell Biology and Macromolecules Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing characteristics of life, prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells, and the primary biological macromolecules.

Monosaccharide

The building block of carbohydrates.

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

The building blocks of lipids.

Amino Acid

The building block of proteins.

Nucleotide

The building block of nucleic acids.

Carbohydrate

A macromolecule composed of C, H, and O that provides quick energy, with glucose and starch as examples.

Lipid

A macromolecule composed mostly of C, H, and O that functions in long-term energy storage, cell membranes, insulation, and hormones, with fats and oils as examples.

Protein

A macromolecule composed of C, H, O, and N that functions in enzymes, structure, and repair, with muscle and antibodies as examples.

Nucleic Acid

A macromolecule composed of C, H, O, N, and P that stores genetic information, with DNA and RNA as examples.

Prokaryotic Cell

A simpler cell type that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, with DNA free in the cytoplasm, exemplified by bacteria.

Eukaryotic Cell

A more complex cell type containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, with DNA inside the nucleus, exemplified by animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Lipid Structure Non-Polymerization

Lipids are not technically polymers made from repeating monomers in the same way proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are.

Homeostasis

A characteristic of living organisms, exemplified by a human shivering when cold.

Response to Stimuli

A characteristic of living organisms, exemplified by plant roots growing toward water.

Reproduction

A characteristic of living organisms, exemplified by a Hydra producing offspring by budding.