unit 2 vocab words (Human Geo)

Human migration

The permanent movement of people from one place to another

Arithmetic density

The total number of people per unit of land; also called crude density

Population distribution

Where people live in a geographic area

subsistence distribution

An agricultural practice that provides crops or livestock to feed one’s family and close community using fewer mechanical resources and more people to care for the crops and livestock

Agricultural density

The total number of farmers per unit of arable land

Landforms

Natural features of earths surface

Population density

The number of people occupying a unit of land

Physiological density

The total number of people per unit of arable land

Arable land

Land that can be used to grow crops

Sex ratio

The proportion of males to females in a population

Dependency ratio

The number of people in a dependent age group divided by the number of people in the working-age group (under 15, over 65), multiplied by 100

TFR

Total fertility rate: The average number if children one omen in a given country/region will have during her childbearing years

Life expectancy

The average number of years a person is expected to live

CBR

Crude birth rate: The number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population

Population Pyramid

A graph that shows the age-sex distribution of a given population

Demographics

Data about the structures and characteristics of human population

IMR

Infant mortality rate: The number of deaths a children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births

CDR

Crude death rate: The number of deaths in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population

Fertility

The ability to produce children

DT

Doubling time: The number of years in which a population is growing at a certain rate and would double

Urbanization

Urban growth and development. Ex: Nike

RNI

Rate of natural increase: Rate at which a population grows as the result of the difference between the crude birth rae and crude death rate

Overpopulation

Describing the theory related to the idea that population growth is unsustainable, and that the future population cannot be supported by earths surface

Neo-Malthusian

A term used to describe the condition in which population growth outstrips the resources needed to support life

ETM

A model that describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as a result of changes in causes of death

DTM

A model that represents shifts in the growth of the worlds population, based in population trends related to birth rate and desktop rate.

Antinatalist

Describing attitudes or policies that discourage childbearing as means of limiting population growth. Ex: Nigeria contraceptions and family planning, one child policy in china

Pronatalist

Describing attitudes or policies that encourage childbearing as means of spurring population growth. Ex: French parents with 3+ kids get discounted for travel or everyday expenses

Emigration

Movement away from a location

Net migration

The difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants in a location, such as a city or country. Ex: If more people emigrate to place than immigrate the population will decrease.

Human migration

The permanent movement of people from one place to another

Immigration

Movement to a location

Circulation

Temporary, repetitive movements that recur on a regular bases. Ex: Walking a few blocks, riding the bus to school everyday

Pull factor

A positive cause that attracts someone to a new location. Ex: Stable gov, safe neighborhoods, job opportunities

Gravity model

A model that predicts the interactions between two or more places. Ex: High city population means ore migration to that city

Push factor

A negative cause that compels condone to leave a location. Ex: gang violence, hurricane damage

Mobility

All types of movement form one location to another, whether temporary or permanent or over short or long distances

Forced migration

Type of migration in which people are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors

Guest workers

A migrant who travels to a new country as temporary labor

Human trafficking

The recruitment, transportation, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means ( force, abduction, fraud, or coercion)

Circular migration

Migration pattern in which migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs

Intervening opportunity

An occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice

Step migration

Series of smaller moves to get to an ultimate destination

Chain migration

A type of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrates there

Voluntary migration

Type of migration in which people are the choice to move to a new place

Transnational migration

International migration in which people retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties with their country of origin.

Tranchumance

The movement of herds between pastures at collier, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter

Friction of distance

Concept that states that the longer a journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve

Asylum

The right to protection in a country

Refugees

A person who is forced to leave his or her country for fear of persecution or dealth

Internally displaced persons

A person who is forced to leave his or her home but remains within the same borders

Internal migration

A movement within a country’s borders

Intervening obstacle

An occupancy that holds migrants back

Kinship links

Network of relatives and friends

Interregional migration

Movement within one region of the country. Ex: NE to Midwest

Intraregional migration

Movement within one region of the country. Ex: Moving from Springfield to Chicago

Quotas

Limit on the number if immigrants allowed into the country

Relocation diffusion

The spread of cultural traits through the movement of people. Ex: African American migrants influenced northern culture burgundy the blues music to cities (Chicago and Kansas)

Skills gap

A shortage of people trained in a particular industry. Ex: immigrants can reduce skills gap by working In jobs that pay less

Remittances

Money earned by emigrant abroad and sent back to his or her home country. Ex: child that works in U.S can send money from work to family in Mexico

Brain drain

The loss of trained or education people to the lure of work in another- often richer- country