bus4 118s midterm

module 1-8

What is the role of data in AI?

Data acts as the fuel that powers AI systems, enabling learning and decisions.

What type of data is organized in a predefined format?

Structured data.

What is an example of an AI application in finance?

Fraud detection.

What is an example of a data source for AI?

Surveys and questionnaires.

What is a key AI application in manufacturing?

Predictive maintenance.

What are the two primary data structures in Pandas?

Series and DataFrames.

Which function provides a summary of a DataFrame?

info()

Which function removes rows containing missing values?

dropna()

What is the purpose of groupby()?

To split data into groups for applying a function.

Which is NOT a key purpose of Pandas?

Creating complex data visualizations.

What is the primary purpose of Matplotlib?

Data visualization.

Which plot best shows data distribution?

Histogram.

Which function creates a scatter plot?

plt.scatter()

What does a box plot provide?

Median, quartiles, and outliers.

Which plot shows trends over time?

Line plot.

What is the primary goal of model training?

To allow the model to generalize well on new, unseen data.

Which scenario is a regression task?

Predicting a house's price based on its size and location.

What is the role of labeled data in supervised learning?

It provides a target so the model can learn the correct output.

Which metric should be prioritized when missing a positive case is critical?

Recall.

What is the problem when a model is too simple and performs poorly on both training and test data?

Underfitting.

What is the primary goal of clustering?

To group similar data points together without prior knowledge of group labels.

What is the Elbow Method used for?

Determining the optimal number of clusters.

Which algorithm identifies arbitrarily shaped clusters and outliers?

DBSCAN.

What is the purpose of PCA?

To reduce variables while preserving original variance.

What does beta-1 represent in simple linear regression?

The slope, indicating the change in y for each unit change in x.

Which type of AI performs specific tasks within a limited scope?

Artificial Narrow Intelligence.

What distinguishes General AI from Narrow AI?

General AI can transfer knowledge across domains and learn independently.

What capability is attributed to Super AI?

It surpasses human intelligence in all aspects, including creativity and reasoning.

Which technology enables machines to interpret visual information?

Computer vision.

What is a characteristic of Generative AI?

It generates new content based on training data.

What defines Agentic AI?

It acts independently, makes decisions, and collaborates with humans.

Which platform offers SageMaker, Bedrock, and Rekognition?

Amazon Web Services (AWS) AI.

What is an advantage of Edge AI?

Faster responses and improved privacy by processing data locally.

What is a major concern if AI systems are not audited for bias?

They can inherit and amplify societal biases.

What is one positive impact of AI on the workforce?

Creating new roles in AI ethics and human-AI collaboration.

What is the primary goal of AI ethics?

To ensure AI aligns with human values, fairness, and accountability.

Which is NOT a recognized source of AI bias?

Model Acceleration Bias.

What is a key feature of fairness-aware algorithms?

They rebalance data or adjust outcomes to reduce disparate impact.

How does federated learning enhance privacy?

By training models on devices without transferring raw data.

What is a key ethical concern with agentic AI?

Encoding human values and ensuring safe behavior without oversight.

What role does human-in-the-loop play?

It provides human oversight in critical AI decisions.

What is the purpose of tools like IBM AI Fairness 360?

To detect and mitigate bias in data and model outputs.

What is a future research opportunity in AI ethics?

Measuring ethical risks using standardized metrics.

What trend is associated with Ethics-as-Code?

Automating compliance through embedded ethical logic in algorithms.

Why is AI ethics education important?

It empowers developers and users to adopt responsible AI practices.

What is the primary goal of prompt engineering?

To guide AI behavior and improve response accuracy.

What is an example of role-based prompting?

Assigning a persona like a financial advisor to analyze a portfolio.

What is a benefit of Chain-of-Thought prompting?

It helps AI solve complex problems step-by-step.

What does ReACT prompting combine?

Reasoning and action.

Where is prompt engineering used to personalize user experience?

Recommendation systems.

What does RSIP aim to do?

Enable agents to iteratively improve their own outputs.

What is the purpose of CAD?

To break down complex tasks while maintaining global context.

Which tool is used for prompt engineering experimentation?

Langbase.

What is an advantage of self-reflection prompting?

It allows AI to evaluate and refine its own answers.

What should a team do after an unsatisfactory prompt result?

Use experimentation to refine it.

What best defines Agentic AI?

AI systems capable of autonomous goal-setting and execution.

How does Agentic AI differ from Generative AI?

Agentic AI initiates actions, while Generative AI creates outputs from prompts.

What is a key characteristic of Agentic AI?

It learns, adapts, and acts proactively.

What is the Perceive-Reason-Act-Learn cycle?

A framework for dynamic learning and task execution.

What does Traditional AI typically lack?

Goal-setting and adaptive behavior.

Which is an example of Agentic AI?

A supply chain system that reroutes shipments in real time.

What technology is essential for reasoning and decision-making?

Large Language Models (LLMs).

What is a key future trend in Agentic AI?

Increased personalization and multimodal capabilities.

Which career focuses on governance frameworks for Agentic AI?

AI Ethics and Governance Specialist.

What soft skill is increasingly important?

Ethical reasoning.

What is a key challenge with Agentic AI?

Safety.

What is a key limitation of basic Generative AI?

Autonomous decision-making.

Where is short-term memory usually maintained?

Memory.

Which is NOT a concern when using Generative AI models for agents?

Natural language understanding.

What artifact does the LLM return to the planner?

Function parameters.

How many round trips can the orchestrator make to the executor?

As many as needed.

What differentiates an Agentic AI goal from a basic prompt?

It requires multiple steps or tasks to execute.

How many tasks can the LLM create in the planning pattern?

As many as needed.

Does the LLM use only the tool's name to understand its capabilities?

False.

Which pattern allows a candidate sourcing agent to integrate with a job search portal?

Tool use.

Which pattern helps choose between a messaging tool and email?

Routing.

Which pattern validates an insurance settlement provided by the LLM?

Reflection.

Which pattern can perform identity verification in a loan application?

Tool use.

Which pattern helps a tech support agent decide resolution steps?

Planning.

Which pattern typically requires integrations?

Tool use.

Which pattern can help mitigate hallucinations?

Reflection.

Which pattern can provide explanations for plans created by an agent?

Planning.