Genetics & Cancer Anatomy

Embryo

Telencephalon (1a), Diencephalon (1b), Mesencephalon (1c) 

Nasal primordium (2) Optic primordium (3) 

Atrial primordium (6a), Ventricle primodium (6b) 

Liver primodium (7) Arm bud (8) Leg bud (9) Somites (vertebral primordium,10) 

Chromosome

1. Sister chromatids

2. Centromere

3. Kinetochore

4. DNA (cutaway)

Meiosis

1. Homologous chromosomes

2. Ovum

3. Spermatid

4. Spermatozoa

5. Spermiogenesis

6. Spermatogonium

7. Zygote (diploid)

8. Oogonium

9. Primary spermatocyte/oocyte

10. Polar body

11. Secondary spermatocyte/oocyte

Model 1: Interphase (G1 phase)

1. Nucleolus 

2. Nuclear membrane 

3. DNA 

4. Microtubules 

5. Endoplasmic reticulum 

6. Golgi apparatus 

7. Vesicle 

8. Lysosome 

9. Mitochondrion 

10. Centrioles

Model 2: Prophase I (beginning); Meiosis I

1. Nucleolus 

2. Nuclear membrane 

3. Chromosome 

4. Centrioles (paired) 

5. Central spindle apparatus 

Model 3: Prophase I (middle) 

1. Maternal homologue (sister chromatid) 

2. Paternal homologue (sister chromatid) 

3. Homologous Chomosomes in synapsis (tetrad) 

Model 4: Prophase I (late)

1. Homologous chromosomes 

2. Chiasmata (genetic exchange, crossover) 

Model 5: Prophase I (end)

1. Nuclear membrane (note chromosomes have detached)

2. Centromere 

3. Chiasmata

Model 6: Metaphase I

1. Centrioles 

2. Nuclear membrane (dissolving) 

3. Kinetochores at centromeres 

4. Microtubules 

5. Homologous chromosomes; random assortment

6. Chiasmata (still intact) 

7. Endoplasmic reticulum (dissolving) 

8. Golgi apparatus (dissolving)

Model 7: Anaphase I (haploid phase)

1. Homologous Chromosomes separating 

2. Kinetochore 

3. Kinetochore microtubule 

4. Centrioles 

5. Polar microtubule 

6. Cleavage furrow

Model 8: Telophase I

1. Actin microfilaments creating constriction 

2. Thin nuclear membrane 

3. Daughter nuclei 

4. Chromosome consisting of 2 sister chromatids 

5. Endoplasmic reticulum 

6. Golgi apparatus 

7. Centromeres 

End of Meiosis I

Interkinesis (no S phase) 

Meiosis II: just like mitosis; Prophase II, Metaphase II

Model 9: Anaphase II

1. Sister chromatids separating 

2. Kinetochore 

3. Kinetochore microtubule 

4. Centriole 

5. Polar microtubule 

6. Cleavage furrow

Model 10: Telophase II and Cytokinesis II

1. Four haploid cells; genetically unique because of crossing over  (Prophase I) and random assortment (Metaphase I)

End of Meiosis II