the national decision model (NDM)

NDM

• code of ethics in the centre

• Gather information and intelligence

• Assess threat and risk and develop a working strategy

• Consider powers and policy

• Identify options and contingencies

• Take action and review what happened

• Need to constantly cycle through this when making a decision

Stage 1: gather information and intelligence

• what you know and don’t know

• How can you get further information: radio, person checks, premises checks, vehicles checks, personal observations/ knowledge, victim/ witness accounts and CCTV

Stage 2: assess threat and risk and develop a working strategy

• is it time critical?

• What is the likely outcome?

• What would the implications be?

• Are there any weapons involved?

• Risk level: low, medium and high

Stage 3: consider powers and policy

• powers available to combat the problem

• Common law: use force to avert danger

• Criminal law act section 3: force to prevent crime and assisting in an arrest

• Police and criminal evidence act (PACE) section 117: force to exercise duty

• Criminal justice and immigration act section 76: defence in relation to use of force

• ECHR article 2

Stage 4: identify options and contingencies

• would assistance/ additional resources be necessary

• Doesn’t always need to be an arrest - what is the least invasive outcome available

• Remember PLANS: proportionate, accountable, necessary and scrutiny

Stage 5: take action and review what happened

• how could you have done things better

• Accountability, fairness, honesty, integrity, leadership, objectivity, openness, respect and selflessness