PHAR 210 CH 2

Disease definition

any change in structure that is accompanied by symptoms and a specific cause

Disorder definition

any change in function in the body (depression)

Disease classifications (Timeline)

Acute - not lasting for a long time

Chronic - long lasting and persisting

Organic diseases

Diseases that cause change in structure or physical changes in organs or tissues

Functional Disorders

No physical change

Infectious disease

caused by disease causing organisms to

Genetic diseases and disorders

inherited

Traumatic diseases or disorders

caused by injury

Degenerative diseases and disorders

deteriorating structure and function over time

Neoplastic diseases and disorders

malignancies/excessive growth and formation

Metabolic diseases and disorders

metabolic processes

Inflammatory diseases and disorders

prolonged inflammation, system attacks itself

Idiopathic disease

came out of nowhere, develops without apparent cause (high blood pressure)

Iatrogenic Disorder

unfavorable response to medical treatment or medical errors (rejecting donor organ)

Nosocomial infections

hospital aquired infections (MRSA)

Congenital conditions

existing at or before birth

Infection diseases

caused by pethogenic organisms

the pathogenic organisms that cause infection

Protozoa, Viruses, Fungi, and Bacteria

rod-shaped

bacilli

spherical shaped

cocci

spiral shaped

spirochetes

Diagnosis

the identification of a disease or condition by scientific evaluation of signs, symptoms, history, tests, and procedures

Signs

objective (definitive evidence of an illness or disordered function)

Symptoms

subjective (perceived by patient, cant be perceived by provider)

Syndrome

a collection of signs and symptoms that characterize a disease

Basic examination - VS

vital signs

5 Vital signs (BROTH)

Pulse (P), Respiration (R), Body temperature (T), Blood pressure (BP), Oxygen saturation (SaO2 via pulse oxumetry)

Inspection

using eyes to look for things

Palpation

feeling texture, size, consistency

Percussion

tapping body to evaluate organs and determine fluid amount in cavities

Ascultation

listening to sounds in the body to evaluate internal organs or to detect fatal heart sounds

EKG/EEG

electrocardiography, records electrical activity in heart

Otoscopy

examination of internal of ear

Opthalmoscopy

examination of interior of ear

Endoscopu

measuring cavity of body with endoscope

Catheters

instill fluids and perform tests

Diagnostic radiology (radio opaque and radiolucent)

opaque - no light, lucent - light through

Ultrasound

sound to detect structures in body, especially soft tissue (low detail but cost efficient)

MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging - stimulates protons and measures energy released when protons reset (higher detail than CT but take longer)

CT scan

Computed topography - 360 degree images, bone fractures tumors and internal bleeding

Nonsurgical treatment terms

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, analgesics, antiseptic

Chemotherapy

treatment using chemical agents

Radiotherapy

treatment using ionizing radiation, specific area of body

Analgesic

pain reliever, drug

Antiseptic

substances that inhibit growth of microorganisms without neccessarily killing them

Surgical treatment terms

Amniocentesis, Coloplexy, Osteomy, Rhinoplasty

Amniocentesis

surgical puncture of amnion to identify genertic defects of fetus

Coloplexy

surgical fixation of colon to body wall to prevent volulus

Osteotomy

cutting of bone

Rhinoplasty

surgical repair of nose