GSU Georgia History Exam

Founding of GA colony

(1732), granted to Governor James Oglethorpe by King George II as haven for debtors

Battle of Bloody Marsh

(1742) Oglethorpe's forces, along with help from the Highland Scots, surprised Spanish troops at St. Simon's Island and forced them back across the Florida border.

Original prohibitions in GA colony

Lawyers, Catholics, rum, slavery

Mary Musgrove

Served as primary cultural translator for Oglethorpe and Tomochichi (Chief of the Yamacraw Indians)

Who signed the Declaration on behalf of GA?

Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton

Signers of the US Constitution

Abraham Baldwin and William Few Jr.

Yazoo Land Fraud

(1795), major political scandal in which Georgia legislators were bribed to sell western territories (now MS and AL) at undervalued prices

Georgia Gold Rush

(1829), Thee discovery of gold near Dahlonega accelerated white settlement and the forced removal of indigenous populations

Trail of Tears

(1838-39), The forced relocation of the Cherokee nation to modern day OK under the Indian Removal Policy

Eli Whitney

(1793), invented the cotton gin in GA, deeply anchoring plantation slave systems

Alexander Stephens

Served as VP of the Confederacy

Sherman's March to the Sea

(1864) General William T. Sherman's total-war campaign destroying resources from ATL to Savannah

In what year did the state capital move from Milledgeville to Atlanta, and why?

1868; b/c Milledgeville hotels refused to house African American delegates

Atlanta Race Riot

(1906), white mobs murdered dozens of Black citizens fueled by sensationalized media reports and labor market competition; The death toll of the conflict was at least 25 African Americans

Three Governors Controversy

(1946), governor-elect Eugene Talmadge died, and since the state constitution did not state who would replace him, Herman Talmadge, Melvin E. Thompson, and Ellis Arnall all claimed to be governor. The Supreme Court of Georgia ruled that Thompson was the successor.

County-Unit System

A voting structure that gave rural counties disproportionate power over urban centers, eventually ruled unconstitutional in 1962.

Sibley Commission

(1960) Gathered public testimony regarding school integration, finding that many locals preferred closing schools rather than integrating.

Jimmy Carter

The only Georgian elected President of the United States, emphasizing global human rights and desegregation reform

What were the 5 GA capitals?

Savannah, Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, and Atlanta

Who was GA's third and last Royal Governor?

James Wright

Salzburgers

Some of the first immigrants to the new Georgia colony in the 1730's from Austria; came to Georgia to escape religious persecution (Protestants)

Georgia Trustees

Gave out land between the Savannah and Altamaha Rivers; prohibited having rum and owning African Slaves.

Scottish Highlanders

Added protection to GAs southern border; fought with Oglethorpe to fight off the Spanish

Fletcher vs. Peck

(1810) First time the Supreme Court ruled a state law unconstitutional. It protected property rights and allowed the invalidation of state laws that conflicted with the Constitution.

Worcester v. Georgia

(1832) US Supreme Court held that Cherokee Native Americans were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty.

Battle of Kettle Creek

First colonial victory in Georgia on Feb. 14, 1779

Joseph Vann

Cherokee plantation owner, son of Chief James Vann, who had his land confiscated because he hired a white man to work for him

Siege of Savannah

(1779) A failed attempt by the French and Americans to recapture Savannah during the revolution

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

(1831) Established that Indian tribes are a "domestic dependent nation" under the care of the U.S. Government and therefore not a foreign nation with the right to sue in federal court

Treaty of Indian Springs

An 1821 treaty signed by the Creek Indians and the United States that forced the Creek Nation to cede all of its lands east of the Flint River in Georgia.

Sequoyah

Cherokee leader who developed the alphabet for the Cherokee language.

Eugene Talmadge

(1884-1946) GA Governor during the Great Depression, fought against Roosevelt's New Deal policies

Robert Toombs

A senator and extremist from Georgia who said that the South would never let the federal government be controlled by the Republican party and threatened secession.

Winfield Scott

in 1838, removed the Cherokee from their homes and lead them west during the Trail of Tears; became the Whigs' last presidential candidate in 1852.

What were the only real railroads left operational after the Civil War?

Western and Atlantic Railroad

Georgia Platform

Georgia's reaction to the Compromise of 1850 - that is would support California becoming a free state as long as northern states abided by the fugitive slave act.

Battle of Chickamauga

(1863) - Confederate victory; largest and first major battle fought in Georgia; led to the battle of Chattanooga.

Battle of Kennesaw Mountain

(July 27, 1864)- Confederate victory; only Union loss during the campaign

Atlanta Campaign

•Sherman led from Chattanooga to Atlanta a series of battles in 1864; the goal was to capture Atlanta

Andersonville

One of the most brutal prison camps in the Civil War. Liberated in 1865

Special Field Order 15

(1865) An order by General William T. Sherman to set aside abandoned land (forty acres and a mule) along the southern Atlantic coast for forty-acre grants to freedmen.

Henry Grady

Editor of the Atlanta Constitution, preached about economically diversified South with industries and small farms, and absent of the influence of the pre-war planter elite in the political world.

Bourbon Triumvirate

the name given to three Georgia leaders-Joseph E. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon; maintained power from 1872-1890

Thomas Watson

In the 1890's Watson championed poor farmers as a leader of the Populist Party, articulating an agrarian political viewpoint

Albany Movement

Desegregation coalition formed in Albany, Georgia; quickly became a broad-front nonviolent attack on every aspect of segregation within the city.

Leo Frank

A Jewish man charged with the murder of Mary Phagan. Was taken out of his cell by a group of angry men and lynched. His case will lead to the rebirth of KKK in GA

Atlanta Compromise

(1895) Argument put forward by Booker T. Washington that African-Americans should not focus on civil rights or social equality but concentrate on economic self-improvement

William B. Hartsfield

Mayor of Atlanta from 1936 to 1961; He purchased a racetrack that became Atlanta's first airport

Ivan Allen, Jr.

Atlanta mayor who brought the Braves, Falcons, and Hawks to Atlanta; Allowed AA police to arrest whites; allowed AA's to serve as firefighters; By 1964 he desegregated all public facilities in ATL

Sam Massel

First Jewish mayor of ATL in 1969

Herman Talmadge

Expanded education to grades 1-12 and lengthened to 9 months; Created 3% sales tax to pay for educational changes

Ellis Arnall

First Georgia governor to serve a four-year term; Changed the voting age to 18.

Carson McCullers

A GA writer of novels, short stories, plays, essays, and poetry.

Lester Maddox

A 1966 segregationist who was elected governor.

Andrew Young

Ga's first black representative to the House of Representatives since Reconstruction. US Ambassador to the United Nations. Brought the Democratic Convention to Georgia and the 1996 Olympics to Atlanta.

Camilla Massacre

General election of 1868 where 9 black republicans were murdered.

Maynard Jackson

(1973)First African American Mayor of Atlanta; Started MARTA

Treaty of Echota

A treaty made with American officials and a small Cherokee faction that took their land from them and insisted that all Cherokees abide by it and move to the New Indian Territory.

Neill Primary Act

1917 Act that started the County Unit System

Convict Lease System

GA leased its prisoners to private mining companies

The War of 1812

General Andrew Jackson urged The United States to end negotiating with the Indians