Adaptations to Different Environments

What is an adaptation?

An inherited characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.

What is a structural adaptation?

A physical feature that improves survival or reproduction.

What is a behavioural adaptation?

A behaviour that improves survival or reproduction.

What is a functional adaptation?

An internal physiological process that improves survival.

Give an example of a structural adaptation.

Thick fur in Arctic mammals.

Give an example of a behavioural adaptation.

Migration to more favourable conditions.

Give an example of a functional adaptation.

Producing concentrated urine to conserve water.

How does thick fur help animals survive in cold environments?

It reduces energy transfer from the body to the surroundings.

How does a thick layer of fat help Arctic mammals?

It provides thermal insulation and an energy store.

How does camouflage improve survival?

It makes organisms less visible to predators or prey.

Why do many desert animals have large ears?

Large ears can provide a greater surface area for heat transfer.

How are cacti adapted to dry environments?

They have reduced leaves, water-storing tissues and a thick waxy cuticle.

Why do some desert plants have spines instead of broad leaves?

Spines reduce surface area and water loss.

Why do desert plants often have extensive root systems?

To absorb water efficiently.

Why do some plants have a thick waxy cuticle?

To reduce evaporation from leaf surfaces.

Why are adaptations environment-dependent?

A characteristic is beneficial only if it improves survival or reproduction under particular conditions.

What is an extremophile?

An organism adapted to live in extreme environmental conditions.

Where might extremophiles live?

In environments with very high temperatures, high salt concentrations or extreme pH.

What are some extremophiles adapted to withstand?

Conditions that would damage or prevent the growth of most other organisms.

Why can an adaptation become disadvantageous?

Environmental conditions may change, altering which characteristics are beneficial.