Chapter 5 Mastery Training

Chapter 5 - Psychopharmacology and New Drug Development

chemical name

label given to a drug that represents its structure

brand name

commercial label given to a drug by its manufacturer

generic name

general label given to a drug that is shorter and easier to say

initial sensitivity

effect of a drug on a first-time user

addictive personality

hypothesis of a character structure common to all people with substance use afflictions

drug expectancy

person’s belief about what he or she will experience upon taking a drug

dispositional tolerance

increase in the rate of metabolizing a drug as a result of its regular use

functional tolerance

decreased effects of a drug on demeanors as a result of regular use

acute tolerance

type of resistance that occurs within the course of action of a single drug dose

protracted tolerance

type of resistance that occurs over the course of two or more drug doses

behavioral tolerance

adjustment of demeanor through experience in using a drug to compensate for its intoxicating effects

cross-tolerance

resistance to a drug never taken that results from resistance to another drug

psychosis

severe mental condition whose symptoms include disorganized thinking and bizarre manner of conduct

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

condition with features such as a greater-than-normal amount of activity, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, and impulsivity

paradoxical

drug effect that is opposite in direction to what is anticipated based on its structure

reverse tolerance

increased receptivity to a drug with repeated use of it

homeostasis

state of equilibrium or balance

behavioral pharmacology

specialty area of drugs research that concentrates on drug use as learned action

reinforcer

consequence of an action that increases its future likelihood

punisher

consequence of an action that suppresses or decreases its future likelihood

self-administration study

research that involves testing whether participants will “give themselves” a drug

drug discrimination study

research procedure that primarily concerns the differentiation of drug effects

conflict paradigm

research procedure where the history of some action is followed by both reinforcement and punishment

generalizable

applicability of a research finding from one setting or group of research participants to another

causal relationship

connection between variables in which changes in one variable are due to changes in another

control group

reference or comparison group in an experiment

placebo control

type of comparison group originating in drug research

group design

type of experimental design in which groups of subjects are compared to establish experimental findings