Volleyball hand signals

In

Ball touches inside court or on part of the line

Out

Ball lands outside the lines, ball touches or goes over the aerial or touches anything outside the aerials (including the net)

Foot fault

Any part of the server’s foot touches the back line or side line

Delay in serve

Server takes more than 8 seconds (after referee whistles to serve)

Caught toss

The server can only toss the ball once. If the toss is caught it is a fault

Ball not tossed

The ball must be tossed in the air before being hit fir the serve. If it is hit directly out of the hand it is a fault

Carry

The ball does not “rebound” when played. A slow set may be called as a carry.

Two hits

Ball touches player twice or player touches ball twice

Four hits

The team touched the ball four times (block doesn’t count)

Back row attack

A back row player steps on or past the attack line while attacking a ball that is entirely higher than the top of the net

Reach

a player reaches over the net into the opponents side, and touches the ball before their opponent gets a chance to play it

Blocking the serve

A player can’t play the serve directly back over from above the height of the net, therefor blocking the serve fault

Net touch

A player touches the net (between the aerials) when trying to play the ball

Out of rotation

The wrong player serves - as determined by scorer

Penetration under the net

A player puts their whole foot over the centre line into the other court

Authorisation to serve

When you checked both teams (including benches) are ready to play you signal they can serve

Team to serve

Point to the side that the team is on that will serve

Change of courts

After a set ends. This is were the teams switch sides

Time out

when a team requests a time out. The second referee will call this, and as the first referee you confirm it

Substitution (subs)

the second referee signals that a player is being substituted

End of set (or match)

signal to end the set or the match

Positional fault

when a player is out of position at the moment the serve is made

Serving fault

when the ball is served into the net and does not go over

Ball crossing the lower space

when the ball crosses to the other side of the court below the net

The player steps outside the court at the moment of the service hit

if a player steps outside of the court during the serve

Replay

When there is an external event that disrupts a rally e.g. ball coming onto court or a injury

Ball touched

when a player touches the ball, and then that ball goes out of court