APES Unit 2

what is ecosystem diversity?

number of different habitats available in a given area

what is species diversity

the variety of species within a particular ecosystem or habitat, including both the number of different species and their relative abundance.

what is genetic diversity

how different the genes are of individuals within a population

what does higher genetic diversity mean within an ecosystem

better resilience of ecosystem/population to bounce back after environmental stressor(disease)

what is Richness(R)

the count of different species present in a given area, without considering their abundance. high richness is good sign of ecosystem health

what is evenness

the relative abundance of various species in an ecosystem, indicating how evenly individuals are distributed among the different species.

what is a bottleneck event?

environmental disturbance(natural disaster/human disturbance) that kills organisms regardless of genes, leads to much less genetic diversity

what is inbreeding depression?

breeding with relatives leads to harmful mutations, common in small populations

what is ecosystem resilience?

ecosystem’s ability to get back to original state after disturbance or stressor, higher ecosystem diversity=higher resilience

what are ecosystem services?

goods/services provided by natural ecosystems that benefit humans

what is provisioning, what are examples, and what is it disrupted by

goods taken directly from ecosystem or made from natural resources

ex-fish, wood, paper

disrupted by- overharvesting, water pollution

what is regulating what are examples and what is it disrupted by

ecosystems regulate climate/air quality reducing storm damage/healthcare costs

ex-filtration of water through watersheds, trees filter air/pollutants

disturbed by- deforestation, filling of wetlands

what is supporting what are examples and what is its disrupted by

ecosystems support processes we do ourselves making them cheaper and easier

ex- photosynthesis, soil creation, nutrient cycling, bees pollinate crops

disrupted by- habitat destruction, pesticide use

what is cultural what are examples and what is it distributed by

money generated by recreation or scientific knolade

ex- pretty landscape draw tourists, fisherman pay for fishing license

Disrupted by habitat loss, pollution.

what does bigger island mean

higher diverstity and better tobpunce back from disturbamce/stressor

what does farther distance mean

less types of species, less migration

what is optimal range?

range where organisms survive/grow/reproduce

what is zone of physiological stress?

survive with some stress(infertility, low growth, low activity)

what is zone of intolerance?

organisms cannot survive

what are periodic natural distributions

occurs regularly(dry/wet season)

what are episodic natural disruptions

occur occasionally(hurricanes, droughts)

what are random natural distributions

no regular frequency(asteroids)

why do all populations have some kind of genetic diversity?

Random mutations and crossing over of parent genetics

what is an adaptation

charitable trust that increases organism’s fitness(ability to survive and reproduce)

As the environment changes what happened to traits?

some new adaptations and some become disadvantages

how will the population respond to a quickly changing environment?

less likely to respond, because cant make adaptations that quickly

what is ecological succesion

series of changes in the structure and species composition of a community over time, typically following a disturbance.

what is primary succesion

strats from bare rock, no previous soil, soil comes from moss and lichens, takes longer

what is secondary succession

after disaster clears out species but soil still intact, not as long to reach climax