The Hindbrain

Medulla

Breathing, heart rate, blood pressure

Pons

Cochlear and vestibular nuclei, raphe nuclei and locus coeruleus, ventral pons

Cochlear and Vestibular nuclei

Sound, balance, motion sickness (Where motion sickness comes from, when one sensory modality isn’t aligned with others)

Raphe nuclei and Locus Coeruleus

Mood, arousal, sleep (physiological)

Damage to ventral pons

Results in locked in syndrome (coma but you are awake and paralyzed)

Cerebellum

Voluntary movement, muscle tone, balance, speech, motion sickness, executive functions, and emotional processing

Damage to the cerebellum

Alcohol poisons this before getting to anything else, balance and coordination decreases

Reticular formation

Consciousness, arousal, movement, and pain (Runs rostral through other brain structures)