THEA 120 - Lumber and Hardware (split up)

Soft woods

Faster growing, softer wider grain Ex: white pine, yellow pine, spruce

Hardwoods

Slower growing, tighter grain Ex: oak, maple, poplar, cherry, ash, mahogany, birch, etc

Board lumber grades

Select - higher quality, suitable for staining and painting. A, B, C, D. Common - more blemishes which detract from finish, but good for general-utility construction. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Linear feet

The length of any given size board

Board feet

Like a unit for lumber (Lft x Win x Hin)/12

Sheet materials - size

Commonly available in 4' x 8' Thicknesses are in 1/8" increments up to 1"

Sheet materials - grades

Veneer grades (plywood) N, A, B, C, D, X Each side of veneer is graded

Plywood properties

Lots of layers - grain runs in alternate directions with each layer for strength

Plywood uses

Structural flooring, platform lids, boxes, etc

Lauan properties

A plywood Made of Meranti (Lauan tree) from the Philippines Called Philippine Mahogany, but isn't mahogany Comes in sheets usually 1/8" or 1/4" thick

Lauan uses

Excellent for finish scenic work like covering flats

Masonite (aka pressboard) properties

A hard board engineered wood made of wood fibers, steam-cooked and pressure-molded Process patented by William H. Mason in 1924 Quite durable indoors. Shiny side is tempered. Sold one or two sides tempered, or both untempered.

Masonite (aka pressboard) uses

Covering floors in theatre and on scenery.

MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) properties

An engineered hard board Made by breaking down leftover wood into fibers, combining them with paraffin, a resin binder, and pressing it at a high temperature into panels. Quite durable indoors. Has a shiny brown surface can be ordered S2S (shiny two sides) or S1S (shiny one side).

MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) uses

Covering floors in the theatre and on scenery.

Homosote properties

A fiberboard, made from paper pulp Relatively soft and non-weight bearing Good sound deadening material Noted by its grey color Usually comes in 1/2" thickness

Homosote uses

On floors between plywood and MDF to deaden the drum sound of a platform

Wiggle board properties

A bendable plywood Grain running on short side Very bendy, accommodates curves very easily One side has an N veneer

Wiggle board uses

In finish carpentry work

Particle board (aka chipboard) properties

Take sawdust and resin glue it and press into sheets Heavier and weaker than plywood Cheap to produce A lot of inexpensive furniture is made with it

OSB (oriented strand board) (wafer board)

Take shavings, wood chips, and resin glue it and press into sheets Stronger than particle board, weaker than plywood Cheap to produce Invented in 1963

Expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) (polystyrene bead board) properties

Has little beads that flake off The foam expands as the chemical reaction happens Spray paint melts it. Hard to paint, usually needs to be wrapped with cheesecloth so it doesn't chip

Expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) (polystyrene bead board) uses

Prop making and scenic applications

Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) (pink or blue foam) properties

Comes in pink or blue color Smoother denser foam Easily carved or cut Can be cut with a hot wire Easy to paint Can be sealed with a heat gun Creates toxic fumes when it is melted or cut

Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) (pink or blue foam) uses

For mouldings and other scenic and prop applications

Nails - sizing

Size is listed in d standing for penny The larger the number the bigger/longer the nail

Common nail

For general construction

Box nail

For attaching lids or building boxes Has a glue coating which melts when driven into the wood

Finishing nail

For mouldings and other finished construction projects

Pneumatic fasteners

Framing nails, T brad nails, medium crown staples Nails are collated together so they can easily be loaded into the pneumatic nailers

Round head screw

Flat head screw

Fillister head screw

(picture of bolt i think but ignore that)

Oval head screw

(picture of bolt i think but ignore that)

Truss head screw

Binding head screw

(picture of bolt i think but ignore that)

Pan head screw

Hexagon head screw

Washer head screw

Carriage bolt

Has a square end by the head to "bite" into the wood to keep it from spinning when tightening.

Hex bolt

Has a hex head to hold while tightening with a wrench.

Eye bolt

Closed eye vs eye Has a loop to tie off to

U bolt

Round vs square (only round pictured) To attach to round or square objects

Lag screw

Strength of a bolt, but when you can't access the back to use a nut

Hex head sheet metal screw

Eye lag screw

Hex nut

A six sided nut. Also referred to as a finished hex nut. Common in theatre.

Heavy hex nut

A heavier pattern version of a standard hex nut. Common in theatre.

Nylon insert lock nut

A nut with a nylon insert to prevent backing off. Also referred to as a Nylock. Common in theatre.

Jam nut

A hex nut with a reduced height. Common in theatre.

Nylon insert jam lock nut

A nylock nut with a reduced height. Common in theatre?

Wing nut

A nut with 'wings' for hand tightening. Common in theatre.

Cap nut

A nut with a domed top over the end of the fastener. Common in theatre.

Acorn nut

High crown type of cap nut, used for appearance.

Flange nut

A nut with a built in washer like flange.

Tee nut

A nut designed to be driven into wood to create a threaded hole. Common in theatre.

Square nut

A four sided nut.

Prevailing torque lock nut

A non-reversible lock nut used for high temperature applications.

Flat washer

Used to distribute load. Available in SAE, USS and other patterns. Common in theatre.

Fender washer

An oversize flat washer used to further distribute load especially on soft materials. Common in theatre.

Finishing washer

A washer used to obtain a 'finished' look. Usually used with oval head screws. Common in theatre.

Split lock washer

The most common style of washer used to prevent nuts and bolts from backing out. Common in theatre.

External tooth lock washer

A washer with external 'teeth' Used to prevent nuts and bolts from backing out.

Internal tooth lock washer

A washer with internal 'teeth'. Used to prevent nuts and bolts from backing out.

Square washer

A square shaped washer.

Dock washer

Has a larger outside diameter and are thicker than standard.