Anatomy 1

Adominal

abdomen(anterior)

Acromial

Shoulder bones(anterior)

Antebrachial

Forearm(anterior)

Antecubital

Anterior surface "crook of elbow"(

Axillary

Armpit(anterior)

Brachial

Upper arm(anterior)

Buccal

Cheek(anterior)

Calcaneal

heel of foot(posterior)

Carpal

Wrist(anterior)

Cephalic

Head(anterior)

Cervical

neck(posterior)

Cranial

Skull: bones of the cranium, superior half of head (anterior)

Crural

Anterior part of lower leg

Coxal

Hip(anterior)

Deltoid

Shoulder muscle(anterior)

Digital

Fingers, toes(anterior)

Facial/frontal

Skull: bones of face

Femoral

Thighs(anterior)

Gluteal

Buttocks(posterior)

Hallux

Big toe(anterior)

inguinal

Groin(anterior)

Lumbar

Lower back(posterior)

Mammary

Breast(anterior)

Manual

Hand(anterior)

Mental

Chin(anterior)

Nasal

Nose(anterior)

Ocular

Eye(anterior)

Olecranal

Elbow (posterior)

Oral

Mouth(anterior)

Otic

Ear(posterior)

Palmar

Palm (anterior)

Patellar

Kneecap (anterior)

Pectoral

Chest muscle (anterior)

Pedal

Foot (posterior)

Pelvic

Pelvis(anterior)

Perineal

Between anus and genitals (posterior)

Plantar

Bottom of foot (posterior)

Pollex

Thumb (posterior)

Popliteal

Back of knee (posterior)

Pubic

Area over pubic bone (anterior)

Scapular

Scapula(posterior)

Sternal

Sternum (anterior)

Sural

Posterior part of lower leg

Tarsal

Ankle (anterior)

Thoracic

Thorax (anterior)

Umbilical

Belly button

Vertebral

Vertebral column/spine

Superior

Toward the head, structure is above another structure

Inferior

Structure is below another structure

Posterior

Behind

anterior

In front, towards the stomach

Dorsal

Towards the back

ventral

In front, towards stomach

Deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

Superficial

Closer to the outside skin, more external

Lateral

Further from the midline

Medial

Closer to the midline

Distal

Region farther away from the point of attachment (hips or shoulder)

Proximal

Closer to point of attachment, toward the trunk

Sagittal

divides body into left and right, doesn't have to be exactly in the center

Midsagittal (median) plane

divides the body into equal right and left sides, exactly in the center

frontal or coronal plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

transverse (cross-sectional) plane

Horizontal plane dividing the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts

longitudinal plane

cut along the length of an organ

Oblique section

cuts made diagonally, across like a seatbelt

Levels of organization

1. Chemical: atoms combine to form molecules

2. Cellular: cells are made up of molecules

3. Tissue: tissues consist of similar types of cells

4. Organ: organs are made up of different types of tissues

5. Organ System: organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely

6. Organism: human organism is made up of many organ systems

integumentary system

encloses internal body structures. Site of many sensory receptors. Hair, skin, nails

skeletal system

supports the body, enables movement (with muscluar system). Cartilage, bones, joints

muscular system

enables movement (with skeletal system). Helps maintain body temp. Skeletal muscles, tendons

Nervous system

detects and processes sensory information, activates bodily responses. Brain and spinal cord.

endocrine system

secretes hormones, regulates bodily processes

cardiovascular system

delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temperature in the body

lymphatic system

returns fluids to blood, defends against pathogens. Thymus, Lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels

respiratory system

removes carbon dioxide from the body, delivers oxygen to blood

digestive system

processes food for use by the body, removes wastes from undigested food. Stomach, liver, gallbladder, large and small intestine.

urinary system

controls water balance in the body, removes wastes from blood and excretes them

male reproductive system

produces sex hormones and gametes, delivers gametes to females. testes and epididymus

female reproductice system

produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, produces milk for infant. Mammary glands, ovaries, uterus

macroscopic anatomy

large structures visible to the naked eye (would include organ system)

microscopic anatomy

small structures that can't be seen with the naked eye. Cytology and Histology.

Homeostasis

how the systems work together to maintain balance or equilibrium in the body. Mainly controlled by nervous and endocrine system.

abdominopelvic regions

dorsal body cavities

cranial and vertebral

ventral body cavities

thoracic(medistinum, pleural, pericardial), abdominal, pelvic