Earth Science Seasons: Solstices, Equinoxes, and Axial Tilt

What causes seasons on Earth?

Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun.

Why is it warmer near the equator than near the poles?

Near the equator, sunlight hits Earth's surface at a direct angle, while near the poles, sunlight is spread out over a greater area.

What would happen if Earth's axis were straight up and down relative to its orbit?

Temperatures in an area would remain fairly constant year-round, and there would be no seasons.

At what angle is Earth's axis tilted?

Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5° from the vertical.

What is a solstice?

A solstice is either of the two days of the year on which the sun reaches its greatest distance north or south of the equator.

When does the Summer Solstice occur in the Northern Hemisphere?

Around June 21st.

What is significant about the Summer Solstice?

It is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and the shortest day in the Southern Hemisphere.

What happens during the Winter Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere?

It occurs around December 21st and is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.

When does the Winter Solstice occur in the Southern Hemisphere?

It is the longest day of the year in the Southern Hemisphere.

What is an equinox?

An equinox is either of the two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun.

What happens during an equinox?

Day and night are each about 12 hours long.

When does the Vernal (Spring) Equinox occur in the Northern Hemisphere?

Around March 21st.

What does the Fall (Autumnal) Equinox mark in the Northern Hemisphere?

It marks the beginning of fall and occurs around September 22nd.

How does the tilt of the Earth affect temperatures during the Summer Solstice?

The Northern Hemisphere receives direct sunlight, resulting in warmer temperatures.

How does the tilt of the Earth affect temperatures during the Winter Solstice?

The Northern Hemisphere receives indirect sunlight, resulting in colder temperatures.

What is the relationship between Earth's tilt and the seasons?

As Earth revolves around the sun, the tilt causes different hemispheres to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year.

What is the significance of the equinoxes in terms of day length?

During equinoxes, day and night are approximately equal in length.

What is the effect of the Earth's tilt on the Southern Hemisphere during the Summer Solstice?

The Southern Hemisphere receives indirect sunlight, resulting in colder temperatures.

What is the effect of the Earth's tilt on the Northern Hemisphere during the Winter Solstice?

The Northern Hemisphere receives indirect sunlight, resulting in colder temperatures.