IntroComp - Midterms

Awareness

When you begin to study computers, you will be aware of their importance, versatility and pervasiveness in our society.

Knowledge

You will learn what computers are and how they function. This requires knowing some technical jargons in order to understand the computer language.

Interaction

The best way to understand computers is to use it directly for some simple applications like doing research via the internet, mailing and chatting electronically

ICT

The technology required for information processing, in particular, the use of electronic computers, communication devices and software applications to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.

Information

The knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study or research

Information Technology

It is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data often in the context of a business or other enterprise.

Management Information Services and Information Services

Information technology encompasses entire industries, including ___ and ____

Compute

The term "computer" originates from the word, _____ meaning to calculate.

True

The Information Technology department in businesses is responsible for managing information storage, protection, processing, transmission, and retrieval.

Program

It operates under instructions stored in memory called _____

Simple and Complex

The computer can perform both _____ and _____ operations swiftly and accurately.

Electronic Machine

A computer is an _____ _____ that accepts processes data, performs operations, and generates output.

Peopleware

Users who operate the computer for various applications.

Software

Programs providing instructions to process data into useful information.

Hardware

Tangible components of a computer system.

1. Input

2. Output

3. Primary Memory

4. Secondary Memory

Four Basic Functions

1. Speed

2. Accuracy

3. Diligence

4. Versatility

5. Power of Remembering

6. No IQ

7. No Feelings

8. Storage

Characteristics of a computer

Speed

Very fast processing capabilities that surpass human ability.

Accuracy

High precisionin data processing without human error.

Diligence

Capability to work continuously without fatigue.

Versatility

Ability to peerform a wide range of tasks.

Power of Remembering

Long-term storage of vast amounts of information.

No IQ

Operates solely on user-provided instructions; no independent decision-making.

No Feelings

Lacks emotions and does not experience fatigue or bias.

Storage

Can store exteensive amounts of data in built-in and external memory.

Automation

Reduces time on repetitive tasks, improving efficiency.

Reliability

Produces consistent results without emotions influencing performance.

Scalability

Adaptability to increase or decrease capabilities as needed.

Multitasking

Capability to perform several tasks simultaneously.

Analog Computers

Operate on continuous data and provide approximate results.

Digital Computers

Process digital data using binary (Os and 1s) for accurate results.

Hybrid Computers

Combine features of both analog and digital computers, suitable for complex tasks.

Supercomputers

Designed for complex appolications such as global forecasting and space exploration.

60 billion instructions per second

Speed of a supercomputer

Automobile size

Size of a supercomputer

Mainframe

Capable of supporting thousands of users simultaneously, executing multiple programs.

250 million instructions per second

Speed of a mainframe

Refrigerator size

Size of a mainframe

Minicomputers

Used in telecommunications and various business applications.

150 million instructions per second

Speed of a minicomputer

Filling cabinet size

Size of a minicomputer

Microcomputers

Affordable computers for individual use, categorized into personal computers, laptops, and handheld devices.

Microprocessor

Invention of _____ (single chip CPU) gave birth to the much cheaper micro computers.

Personal Computer

A small, inexpensive computer designed for individual users, based on microprocessor technology.

Laptop

Portable, lightweight, battery-operated computers popular among travelers.

Notebook

They are also called as _____ computers because of their small size.

Handheld Computers

Small, pen-based devices used for personal organization, scheduling, and basic applications.

Personal Digital Assistant

Handheld computers are also referred to as ______

Computer Architecture

Describes how the hardware components of a computer are put together.

Controllers

Are devices that coordinate the activities of specific peripherals.

1. Audio Chip

2. PCle Slots

3. External Input/Output Ports

4. Chipset (Under Heatsink)

5. CPU (In Socket)

6. CPU Pin Header

7. Fan Pin Header

8. USB Pin Header

9. Case Front Panel Pin Headers

10. USB 3 Pin Header

11. BIOS Chips

12. BIOS Battery

13. Power Connectors

14. RAM Slots

15. MSATA

16. SATA Connectors (Newer Boards Have M.2 Which Are Longer)

Parts of a Motherboard

1. Ethernet Cable

2. PS2 Ports

3. DVI Port

4. HDMI Port

5. USB C Port

6. USB Type A Ports (3.0 Blue or 3.1 Teal)

7. USB Type A Ports (2.0 Black)

8. Audio Line In (Blue)

9. Audio Line Out (Green)

10. Microphone (Pink)

External Input/Output Ports of a Motherboard

Speed

Computer can perform million or billion of operation on the data in one second.

Accuracy

The computer is not only fast but it is also accurate and does not make any mistake.

GIGO (Garbage In, Garbage Out)

The term which describes accuracy of the computer.

Reliability

The computer can perform very complicated calculations without creating any problem and produces consistent results.

Storage Capacity

A computer has internal storage, as well as external or secondary storage.

Communication

Through connections over telecommunication system, computers can transmit data around the world.

1. Lack of Common Sense

2. No IQ

3. No Feelings

4. No Thinking Capability

5. No Decision Making Ability

6. No Learning Power

7. User Dependent

8. No Implementation Power

9. Cannot Express Ideas

10. For Knowledgeable Audience

Limitations of a computer

Business

A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility which made it an integrated part in all business organizations.

Banking

Online account management, ATM usage, and records handling.

Insurance

Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-date with the help of computers.

Education

The computer has provided a lot of facilities in the education system.

Computer Based Education or (CBE)

The computer provides a tool in the education system known as ______

Computer aided instructions or (cai)

Teachers use _______ to better help the students learning.

Marketing

Utilize computers for advertising, promotion, and

home shopping convenience.

Advertising

With computers, advertising professionals create art and graphics, write and revise copy, and print and disseminate ads with the goal of selling more products.

At Home Shopping

Home shopping has been made possible through use of computerized catalogues

Healthcare

The computers are being used in hospitals to keep the record of patients and medicines. It is also used in scanning and diagnosing different diseases.

Diagnostic System

Computers are used to collect data and identify cause of illness.

Lab-diagnostic System

All tests can be done and reports are prepared by computer.

Surgeons

Nowadays, computers are also used in performing surgery in surgical operations which make it faster and less painful for the patients

Patient Monitoring System

These are used to check patient's signs for abnormality such as in Cardiac Arrest, ECG etc

Pharma Information System

Computer checks DrugLabels, Expiry dates, harmful drug’s side effects etc.

Engineering Design

Computers are widely used in Engineering purpose.

Structural Engineering

Requires stress and strain analysis for design of Ships, Buildings, Budgets, Airplanes etc.

Industrial Engineering

Computers deal with design, implementation and improvement of integrated systems of people, materials and equipment's.

Engineers and Architect

Use computer program called computer aided design (cad) to easily drawn and create their plans and designs and help in planning towns, designing buildings, determining a range of buildings on a site using both 2D and 3D drawings.

Computer aided designs or (cad)

Engineers and Architect use a computer program called ______ to easily drawn and create their plans and designs.

Military

Computers are largely used in defense.

Communication

To convey a message, an idea, a picture or speech that is received and understood clearly and correctly

Government

Computers play an important role in government.

Media and Entertainment

In Game and Movie Animation, cartoon animators use computer to create excellent animation games, cartoons and animated films is because computers are capable of producing realistic visual and sound effects that excite the children and movie watchers.

1. 10101

2. 11111

3. 100001

4. 1001001

5. 1111111

What are the Binary of the Decimal:

1. 21

2. 31

3. 33

4. 73

5. 127

1. 25

2. 33

3. 69

4. 143

5. 214

What are the Decimal of the Binary:

1. 11001

2. 10001

3. 1000101

4. 10001111

5. 11010110

Binary Addition