IU Indy Micro Exam 3 Lecture 3

What are the three stages of syphilis

Primary (stage 1), Secondary (stage 2), and tertiary (stage 3)

- Stage 1: 3-90 days after exposure (sore)

-Stage 2: 4-10 weeks after initial infection (body rash)

-Stage 3: 3-15 years after initial infection (Internal organs #bad)

What organism causes syphilis?

Bacterium Treponema pallidium

Asymptomatic, sexually transmitted, untreated cases in women are the main cause of cervical cancer.

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

A recurring viral STD that produces painful genital lesions.

-Two types of strains

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

What does type 1 HSV represent?

5-10% of genital herpes lesions; primarily causes oral-labial lesions and resides in the trigeminal ganglion (Herpes around the mouth but can cause genital too) (just know type 1 is oral but also genital) #noncurable

What does Type 2 HSV cause?

Causes 90-95% of all genital herpes lesions; lives in the sacral dorsal root ganglia. Most commonly associated with genital herpes. (Know this is most common to cause of genital) #noncurable

Which stages of syphilis are curable?

Stage 1 and Stage 2

Treponema pallidum is a gram ?

negative

How does antibiotic resistance happen?

-Lots of germs are drug-resistant

-Antibiotics kill the bacteria causing the illness as well as the good bacteria protecting the body from infection

-The drug-resistant bacteria are now able to grow and take over

-Some bacteria give their drug resistance to other bacteria

Which two STi's are similar?

Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

What antibiotic gets rid of gonorrhea?

Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM once

What antibiotic can get rid of chlamydia?

Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily for 7 days

-Gram - obligate intracellular organism

-Non-motile and can be seen in cells

-Replicates within host cell

-Do not produce enegery but use ATP provided by host cells

Chlamydia

What do chlamydia form?

Inclusion bodies

Which chlamydia causes the STD

Trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis can cause trachoma, which is

Eye infections can occur in babies if the mother is infected.

Life cycle of chlamydia KNOW (Stage 1)

1. 0 hrs. Starts in an elementary body (tougher stage) and attaches to and enters the cytoplasm of a susceptible host cell. Resistant to phagocytosis

Life cycle of chlamydia KNOW (Stage 2)

12 hrs. The elementary bodies transform into reticulate bodies (reproductive phase and rish in RNA)

Life cycle of chlamydia KNOW (Stage 3)

20 hrs. The reticulate bodies then undergo binary fission and divide

Life cycle of chlamydia KNOW (Stage 4)

30 hrs. The reticulate bodies transform back into the elementary bodies

Life cycle of chlamydia KNOW (Stage 5)

48 hrs. The elementary bodies emerge from the inclusion and rupture the cells and come into contact with other cells.

In a pap smear from a woman's cervix, Chlamydia infected cells appear -- while uninfected cells appear -- upon staining with a dye.

1. Pink

2. Blue

What is the most commonly reported bacterial STI in the US?

Chlamydia

Chlamydia infection can cause permanent damage to the -- tubes in a woman and can lead to future infertility and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy and preterm labor.

-An infected mother can pass the infection to the baby during vaginal birth also (where you will see the eye infection in baby)

Fallopian

Untreated STD can cause?

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

-A serious condition in women; about 1 in 8 women with a history of PID experience difficulties getting pregnant.

A bacterial infection that affects your eyes. It is contagious, spreading through contact with the eyes, nose, throat

-The leading preventable cause of blindness worldwide** (most blindness occurs in poor areas of Africa)

Trachoma

Adult inclusion conjunctivitis is caused by?

Chlamydia trachomatis (follicular trachomatis)

A very common STD that is caused by a protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Most people can't tell they are infected.

Trichomonas

Symptoms of Trichomonas?

Women: grey/yellowish discharge, burning, bleeding, swelling, urge to urinate, pain after sex

Men: discharge, burning, urge to urinate