Grade 11 Chemistry: Acids and Bases

Vocabulary flashcards covering core definitions, acid-base models, classifications, indicators, and titration terminology from the Grade 11 Acids and Bases lecture.

Lowry-Br˜nsted Acid

An acid defined as a proton donor.

Lowry-Br˜nsted Base

A base defined as a proton acceptor.

Arrhenius Acid

A substance which dissolves in water to form $H^+$ ions.

Arrhenius Base

A substance which dissolves in water to form $OH^-$ ions.

Ionisation

The reaction of a molecular, non-ionic substance with water to produce ions, where some ions form compounds with the water molecules.

Dissociation

The process in which an ionic substance, in the presence of water, splits or decomposes into its ions without forming compounds with water molecules.

Strong Acid

An acid that ionises almost completely in an aqueous solution.

Strong Base

A base that dissociates almost completely in an aqueous solution.

Weak Acid

An acid that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution.

Weak Base

A base that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution.

Concentrated Acid

An acid solution containing a large amount of solute dissolved in a small amount of water (relatively more dissolved solute than a dilute solution).

Dilute Acid

An acid solution containing a small amount of solute dissolved in a large amount of water.

Amphoteric Substance

A substance that can act as either an acid or a base.

Ampholyte

A substance classified as amphiprotic that can either accept or donate protons.

Hydrolysis of a Salt

The reaction of an ion of a salt with water.

Standard Solution

A laboratory-prepared solution that has an accurately known concentration.

Salt

A substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced or displaced by a cation.

Neutralisation

A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react so that neither is in excess.

End Point

The point during a titration where the indicator changes colour.

Equivalence Point

The point during a reaction where neither reactant is in excess.

Monoprotic Acid

An acid that can donate one proton during a reaction.

Diprotic Acid

An acid that can donate two protons during a reaction.

Triprotic Acid

An acid that can donate three protons during a reaction.

Protolysis

The process of proton ($H^+$) transfer in an acid-base reaction.

Protolytic Reaction

A reaction in which protons are transferred from an acid to a base.

Conjugate Base

The chemical species that remains after an acid has donated a proton.

Conjugate Acid

The chemical species formed when a base accepts a proton.

Indicator

A substance used to determine whether a solution is acidic or basic, or to signal the end point of neutralisation by a sudden and sharp colour change.

Volumetric Analysis

The titration procedure used to determine the concentration of an acid or base by exactly neutralising it with a standard solution of known concentration.

Bromothymol Blue

An indicator with a pH range of $6,0 - 7,6$ that is yellow in acid, green at neutral, and blue in alkaline, used for strong acid and strong base titrations.

Methyl Orange

An indicator with a pH range of $2,9 - 4,0$ that is red in acid and yellow in alkaline, used for strong acid and weak base titrations.

Phenolphthalein

An indicator with a pH range of $8,3 - 10,0$ that is colourless in acid and pink in alkaline, used for weak acid and strong base titrations.