Sheep Brain/Eye Anatomy - Practical

Cerebellum

Fine control over muscle actions; Stores memories of movement patterns.

Arbor Vitae

Brings in sensory/motor info to/from the cerebellum.

Gyri

Folds of Brain

Suci

Grooves of Brain; separates regions

Olfactory Bulb

Part of Limbic System; Sense of Smell!

Pineal Gland

Produces/Regulates some hormones (Ex: Melatonin)

Corpus Callosum

Large Bundle of Nerve Fibers; Communicates between hemispheres

Fornix

Transmits info from Hippocampus → Mammillary Bodies &/or Thalamus.

Thalamus

Filters/relays incoming sensory information; sends info to Cerebral Cortex

Hypothalamus

Controls autonomic NS & Endocrine System; Regulates body temp & sleep/wake cycles, along with controlling emotions & food/water intake.

Lateral Ventricle

One in each hemisphere; Largest cavities of the human brain containing CSF

3rd Ventricle

Filled w/ CSF; Helps to protect the brain from injury and transport nutrients and waste.

Optic Chiasm

Where Optic nerves cross; integrates info from the retina.

Pituitary Stalk

Small funnel-shaped structure; Hormones from Hypothalamus → Pituitary Gland

Pituitary Gland

Releases/Regulates hormones for Physiological processes

Midbrain

Functions in motor movement; Also Auditory & Visual processing.

Pons

Connects Midbrain ←→ Medulla Oblongata

Medulla Oblongata

VITAL FOR LIVING!; Cardiac, Respiratory, & Vasomotor Center.

Spinal Cord

Relays messages between Brain ←→ Body

Forebrain (Dark/Light Yellow)

(Includes Telencephalon & Diencephalon)
Olfaction, integration of sensory information, & coordination of behavior; Large in mammals!

Telencephalon (Light Yellow)

Contains Cerebrum, responsible for motor function, movement, sensory processing, language & communication, and learning & memory.

Diencephalon (Dark Yellow)

Contains thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, and pituitary gland.

Midbrain (Blue)

(Contains Mesencephalon)

Coordinates reflex responses to auditory & visual stimuli; large in fish/birds, greatly reduced in mammals.

Mesencephalon (Blue)

NON-MAMMALS: Optic Lobe; Coordinates sensory input from eyes

MAMMALS: Superior Colliculi (controls eye movement) & Inferior Colliculi (Processes auditory info)

Hindbrain (Pink & Ivory)

(Contains Metencephalon & Myelencephalon)

Responsible for vital body processes; Breathing, circulation, and movement.

Metencephalon (Pink)

Contains…
- Cerebellum (Integrating sensory input from eyes, ears, and muscles w/ motor commands from the forebrain → Motor Coordination)
- Pons (Important way station for information)

Myelencephalon (Ivory)

Contains the Medulla Oblongata (Vital to life; Heartbeat, BP, Respirations, vomiting, sneezing.)

Cornea

Clear front window of the eye

Iris

Muscular diaphragm; controls the size of the pupil (Colored section)

Aqueous Humour

Fluid filling the anterior (front) chamber; Maintains pressure, provides nutrients, and removes waste.

Pupil

Hole in the Iris; Reg. light entering the eye.

Lens

Clear biconvex structure behind the iris, focuses light on the retina w/ the cornea.

Ciliary Body

Ring of tissues @ base of the iris; alters lens shape.

Vitreous Humor

“Jelly-like” Fluid; Maintains shape of the eye

Retina

Light-Sensitive layer of tissue; Images → Electrical Signals

Optic disc

“Blindspot”; no photoreceptors present

Optic Nerve

Bundle of nerves; transmits impulses from retina → Brain

Sclera

Tough, outer covering of connective tissue