Spanish Three Unit 2 (?):

Vocab, endings, preterit, imperfect, etc.

endings for present indictive -AR verbs, I, you, he/she, we, y’all (Spain), they/them.

-o, -as, -a, -amos, -ais (accent over a), -an (ustedes to say you all).

endings for present indictive -ERverbs, I, you, he/she, we, y’all (Spain), they/them.

-o, -es, -e, -emos, -eis (accent over e), -en

endings for present indictive -IR verbs, I, you, he/she, we, y’all (Spain), they/them.

o, -es, -e, -imos, -is (accent over i), -en

Present indictive

presente indictivo

present progressive

presente progresivo

Present progressive endings for -ER/-IR and -AR verbs

-iendo, -ando

preterit

pretérito

endings

las terminaciones

-AR endings for the preterit: I, you, her/him, we, y’all Spain, they/them/y’all (with ustedes)

-é, -aste, -ó. -amos, -asteis, -aron

-ER endings for the preterit: I, you, her/him, we, y’all Spain, they/them/y’all (with ustedes)

-í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron

How is “hacer” irregular when put into the preterit?

The a turns into an i, and focus on hizo: hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron.

How is “decir” irregular when put into the preterit?

e turns into an i: dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron

How is “poner” irregular when put into the preterit?

on turns into us: Puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron

How is “poder” irregular when put into the preterit?

O turns into u: pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron.

How is “saber” irregular when put into the preterit?

ab turns into up: supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron.

How is “tener” irregular when put into the preterit?

en turns into uv: tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron

What is true for all -ER/IR verbs under preterit form (outside of ir/ser)

The endings for “Yo” and “él/Ella” are -e and -o

How is “ir/ser” irregular when put into the preterit?

turns into fu, and focus on fueron: fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron

-AR verb endings for the imperfect preterit

-aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban

-ER/-IR verb endings for the imperfect preterit

-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, íais, -ían

How is “ser” irregular in the imperfect preterit?

It’s variations are: era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran

How is “Ir” irregular in the imperfect preterit?

It’s variations are: iba, ibas, íbamos, ibais, iban

How is “ver” irregular in the imperfect preterit?

The e isn’t changed when adding endings: only the r is removed

Words that indicate preterit usage (no imperfect): (4 out of 6)

Ayer, anoche, el (día de la semana) pasado, el año pasado, una vez, entonces

Words that indicate imperfect preterit usage: (at least 7)

siempre, casi siempre, todos los días, cada noche, de vez en cuando, mientas, de niño/niña, a veces, a menudo

When is preterit used? (vs imperfect)

When its a specific thing that happened once: Imperfect is used to describe what was happening,what used to happen, or what would happen

When describing an actions, which word usually indicates an interruption?

cuando: in this context it means when

Which word usually indicates actions happening at the same time?

mientras: it means while

What are three ways to insert pronouns when an verb is “doing” a direct object?

Before the conjugated verb, with the infinitive verb (at the end), and with the progressive verb (at the end).

What are the pronouns of direct objects for: me, you (informal), it/him/you (formal), it/her/you (formal), us, y’all (Spain), they/them/you (twice)

Me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los/las

What is the structure of the simple future verbs?

Take the ending then add it on to the infinitive.

What are the endings for simple future verbs? (I, you, he/her, we, y'all (Spain), they)

-é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án

Which verbs are irregular under the “futuro simple” because they replace their endings with -dr? (5)

Tener (tendr-), salir (saldr-), poner (pondr-), venir (vendr-), valer (valdr-)

What words are irregular under the “futuro simple” because they replace their endings with -r? (5)

Poder (podr-), querer (querr-), saber (sabr-), caber (cabr-), haber (habr-)

How is hacer irregular under “futuro simple”

the -cer gets replaced by -r (har-)

How is decir irregular under “futuro simple”?

The -ec turns into -ir (dir-)

What are the three times we use the futuro simple tense verbs?

-It is used to talk about events that will happen in the long turn (future)

-Used to express probability (e.g. how many kids will the team have? there will be 25 kids on the team)

-To talk about/highlight assumptions or suspicions (If you study, you will achieve good grades).

abrazar

to hug/embrace

aguantar

to bear/withstand

aguantarse

to restrain oneself

alegrar

to make happy

alegrarse

to be happy/to make oneself happy

asustar

to scare, or frighten

asustado/a

frightened, scared

susto

fright, shock

bobo/a

stupid, silly, dumb (adj)

bularse de

make fun of

callarse

keep oneself quiet

dibujar

to draw

enrojecerse

to blush or redden oneself

gracia

gift, flair, ease, with grace

mejilla

face cheek

odoiso/a

hateful

pedazo

piece

palabrota

swear/offensive swear word

sollozar

to sob

hacerle gracia

to seem funny/fun/amusing to (le as in it, her/him, etc)

valer

to be worth

caber

to fit

venir

to come