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Which test focuses on how components work together?

A. Integration testing | 🧠 Memory Hook: Integrate = Combine. Unit checks 1 piece; integration checks how connected pieces work together.

Beta testers use a nearly finished application and report their experience. Which test is this?

A. User testing or user acceptance testing | 🧠 Memory Hook: User testing = Real people, real tasks.

Which activity may be included when software is released to production?

A. User training and final acceptance trials | 🧠 Memory Hook: Deployment = Onboarding. Roll out software with user training.

A person feels unable to choose among too many online options. Which challenge is this?

B. Decision paralysis | 🧠 Memory Hook: Too many choices paralyze action.

Developers write code in a high-level language like Python or Java. Which computing component(s) translate the high-level source code to object code?

A. Compiler and Assembler/Interpreter | 🧠 Memory Hook: Translators in the middle convert human code into machine code.

A thermostat repeatedly checks the temperature until it reaches 70°F. Which operation is central to this behavior?

A. Iterative | 🧠 Memory Hook: Iteration = Repetition until condition met.

An instruction says "Go back and do it again." What property of a formal algorithm does it violate?

A. It is not unambiguous | 🧠 Memory Hook: Vague = Ambiguous. Algorithms must specify exact targets and stopping criteria.

Which smartphone feature supports location tracking?

C. GPS | 🧠 Memory Hook: GPS pinpoints satellite location.

Which calculator function handles an attempt to divide by zero?

A. Error handling | 🧠 Memory Hook: Division by zero is illegal -> Intercepted by error handling.

A traffic system gives an ambulance a green light automatically. Which feature is being used?

C. Emergency vehicle priority | 🧠 Memory Hook: Emergency override grants priority signal timing.

Which phase transforms requirements into a technical framework?

A. Design | 🧠 Memory Hook: Design is the blueprint (requirements = what, design = how).

A developer fixes an error discovered after release. Which maintenance type applies?

A. Corrective | 🧠 Memory Hook: Corrective = Correcting bugs after release.

A photographer uses AI for consistent exposure but personally chooses the story and mood of an image. This best demonstrates that:

B. Technology assists while creativity guides | 🧠 Memory Hook: AI is the assistant, human is the director.

Which revision makes 'Bake until ready' more unambiguous for a smart oven?

B. Bake for 12 minutes at 350°F | 🧠 Memory Hook: Machines need exact numeric parameters.

To compute the average of 3 integers, which operation should occur last?

A. Divide the sum by 3 | 🧠 Memory Hook: Add first, divide last.

A student's instructions say, 'Set max to 0, then compare two numbers.' Why could this be wrong when both input numbers are negative?

D. The algorithm may incorrectly keep 0 as the maximum | 🧠 Memory Hook: 0 beats any negative number.

Which part of Babbage's Analytical Engine corresponds most closely to memory?

A. Store | 🧠 Memory Hook: Store = Memory, Mill = CPU.

Which tool provides automated grading and feedback?

C. Assessment tools | 🧠 Memory Hook: Assessment tools evaluate and give instant feedback.

A game rule says, 'Keep asking the player to choose A, B, or C until a valid choice is entered.' What additional feature is needed to avoid an infinite loop if the player never enters a valid choice?

C. A maximum-attempt or exit condition | 🧠 Memory Hook: Loops need an exit door.

Which aviation system warns about possible aircraft collisions?

A. TCAS | 🧠 Memory Hook: TCAS = Traffic Collision Avoidance System.

The description "computer science is only the study of programming" as a misconception.

True | 🧠 Memory Hook: CS > Programming. Spans hardware, algorithms, systems, and society.

A calculator's display rendering converts numerical results into visual output.

True | 🧠 Memory Hook: Rendering converts binary data to visible screen pixels.

If an algorithm repeats a step indefinitely and never reaches a stopping condition, it contains an infinite loop.

True | 🧠 Memory Hook: No stop condition = Infinite loop.

Recommendation engines can provide personalized product suggestions.

True | 🧠 Memory Hook: Recommendations tailor choices based on user data.

Potential resistance, limitations, and risks should be discussed before proposing a software solution.

True | 🧠 Memory Hook: Analyze risks and user friction upfront.

Preventive maintenance takes proactive steps to avoid future problems.

True | 🧠 Memory Hook: Preventive = Prevent future bugs.

How does computational photography improve a phone camera? Give two examples.

Uses software/AI to enhance photos beyond physical lens limits. Examples: 1) Auto exposure brightens dark subjects; 2) AI balances scene exposure. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Software + Hardware = Superior photography.

Write high-level steps to select the greatest of three test scores. Your steps should show how repeated comparisons can be used.

1) Input S1, S2, S3; 2) Set highest = S1; 3) Compare S2 with highest, update if larger; 4) Compare S3 with highest, update if larger; 5) Output highest | 🧠 Memory Hook: King of the Hill (Crown candidate 1 -> Challenge with candidate 2 -> Challenge with candidate 3).

Explain how knowing the value provided to users helps a team prioritize features.

Links user value directly to problem severity, letting teams build high-impact capabilities first. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Value drives priority; solve big pain points first.

Why should the original, AI, and manual versions of each photo be clearly labeled?

Maintains transparency and a traceable process to evaluate human vs. AI edits fairly. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Labels guarantee transparency and traceability.

Explain why "allow the cookies to bake" may need more detail for a robot than for an experienced baker.

Humans use context and intuition; robots require explicit, computable parameters (exact time and temp). | 🧠 Memory Hook: Humans infer context; robots need exact parameters.

Higher-Level Scenario (Requirements Discovery & SDLC Planning)

1) Ask discovery questions on stakeholder problems/risks; 2) Sequence SDLC phases; 3) Use flowchart standards (Oval=Start/End, Parallelogram=Input/Output, Rectangle=Process, Diamond=Decision). | 🧠 Memory Hook: Discover Needs -> Sequence SDLC -> Map Flowchart Logic.

Sequence

Carry out operations in a stated order (e.g., Read price -> Calculate tax -> Display total). | 🧠 Memory Hook: Line in order. Step 1 leads straight to Step 2.

Selection

Use a condition to choose between alternate paths (e.g., IF grade >= 60 DISPLAY 'Passing' ELSE DISPLAY 'Not passing'). | 🧠 Memory Hook: Fork in the road. True goes one way, False goes the other.

Iteration

Repeat steps for a fixed count or while a condition remains true. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Loop it. Keep going until you reach the target condition.

Infinite Loop

A loop that has no reachable stopping condition and continues forever. | 🧠 Memory Hook: No exit door. Without a stopping condition, it runs endlessly.

Flowchart Symbol: Oval

Marks the START or END of a flowchart process. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Oval starts and stops the flow.

Flowchart Symbol: Rectangle

Represents a PROCESS or calculation (e.g., final_grade = sum / 3). | 🧠 Memory Hook: Rectangle calculates or performs work.

Flowchart Symbol: Parallelogram

Represents INPUT (reading data) or OUTPUT (displaying messages/results). | 🧠 Memory Hook: Parallelogram = In & Out.

Flowchart Symbol: Diamond

Represents a DECISION or conditional branching point (e.g., Is password correct?). | 🧠 Memory Hook: Diamond decides the path.

Flowchart Symbol: Arrow

Indicates the direction and sequence of execution flow between steps. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Arrow shows the direction to move.

Pseudocode

Expresses logic in precise, human-readable steps independent of any programming language syntax. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Fake code, real logic. Readably plans algorithm steps.

Unit Testing

Checks an individual function, module, or component in isolation. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Unit = Single piece. Test 1 function alone.

Integration Testing

Checks interactions between connected components to verify they work together. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Integration = Connected pieces working together.

System Testing

Checks the overall behavior and performance of the complete integrated application. | 🧠 Memory Hook: System = Whole machine end-to-end.

User Testing

Involves representative users completing realistic tasks to evaluate usability and feedback. | 🧠 Memory Hook: User = Real people testing real tasks.

SDLC Phases

The 6 sequential phases: Planning & Requirements -> Design -> Implementation -> Testing -> Deployment -> Maintenance. | 🧠 Memory Hook: P-D-I-T-D-M (Please Do Include Testing During Maintenance).

Corrective Maintenance

Fixes bugs, errors, and defects discovered in software after it has been released. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Corrective = Correcting post-release bugs.

Adaptive Maintenance

Modifies software to respond to external environment, OS, or system changes. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Adaptive = Adapting to new environments.

Perfective Maintenance

Improves software performance, processing speed, or user interface usability. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Perfective = Perfecting performance and speed.

Preventive Maintenance

Takes proactive steps and code modifications to avoid future software failures. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Preventive = Preventing future problems.

Pascaline (1600s)

Mechanical arithmetic calculator that automated addition/subtraction but lacked stored memory or programs. | 🧠 Memory Hook: Pascaline = 1600s mechanical calculator.

Babbage's Analytical Engine (1800s)

Programmable mechanical computer design featuring a Store (memory) and a Mill (processor). | 🧠 Memory Hook: Analytical Engine = Store (memory) + Mill (CPU).

Stored Program Concept

Stores instructions and data together in internal memory (Von Neumann architecture). | 🧠 Memory Hook: Stored Program = Data and code reside in memory together.