Normal Flora and Pathogenic Bacteria

Normal flora

Microbes that live on or in us

What is the function of normal flora?

Serve as nonspecific immune defense

How can normal flora prevent pathogenic microbes from growing and multiplying?

They take up space and nutrients

True or false? Normal flora cannot cause disease.

False; they can cause disease

Pathogens

Something that causes disease

Non-pathogens

Something that cannot cause disease

Opportunistic pathogen

Causes disease under ideal condition

Frank pathogen (or Primary Pathogen)

Something that causes diseases when present

Neonate

A newborn that is less than four weeks old

What is true about a neonate?

They don’t have a developed normal flora

Immunocompetent

A healthy, full functioning immune system

Immunocompromised

Weakened immune system due to a current or recent infection

Immunosuppressed

Sensitivity of immunity system is lessened

Which of the following are examples of immunosuppression?

• Getting sick after visiting the hospital for an initial sickness

• Autoimmune disease

• Eating a pie with an allergen

• Pregnancy

• Getting an organ / tissue transplant

• Using a shared towel

Autoimmune disease, pregnancy, and using a shared towel

Immunodeficient

Nonfunctioning immune system

Where is Staphylococcus saprophyticus is found?

The human skin and mucosa of genitourinary tract

How are infections by Staph. saprophyticus caused?

Through the introduction of organism into the sterile urinary tract

Community-acquired urinary tract infections in young, sexually active females are often termed as:

Honeymoon Disease

Staphylococcus epidermis is found in…

Normal flora of skin or mucous membranes within the respiratory systems

Is Staph. epidermis pathogenic?

No, it is non-pathogenic

When the skin is wounded, where can Staph. epidermis be found?

It can be found in the wound

Staphylococcus aureus can be found where in the body?

Skin and the upper respiratory system (commonly in the nose and throat)

Staph. aureus is what type of pathogen?

Opportunistic

Serious Staph. aureus infections occur when the _______ of the host is ______

resistance; low

Serious Staph. aureus infections occur when these occur:

• H_________ changes

• D_______ I________

• W__________

• S_______ treatment or ______-_______ drugs

• Hormonal changes

• Debilitating illness

• Wounds

• Steroid treatment or anti-inflammatory

Staph. aureus is a causative agent of ______ and ________ infections

skin; wound

Staph. aureus is a causative agent of a skin condition that causes the formation of sebaceous pockets in the skin. What is another name for these pockets?

Boils

Staph. aureus may create small red bumps after a child wipes their nose, or an athlete damages their skin via turf or a mat. What is another name for this?

Impetigo

Staph. aureus may cause fluid accumulation in the lungs, resulting in coughing and wheezing. An individual may also have blue lips. What is another name for this condition?

Pneumonia

Staph. aureus can cause the heart to have issues functioning. What is another name for this condition?

Carditis

Staph. aureus can cause the inflame the membrane of the brain and spinal cord. What condition is this?

Meningitis

Staph. aureus may cause inflammation of the joints by bacterial infection. What condition is caused?

Arthritis

A person goes to the hospital because they have a stomach ache. While at the hospital, the patient begins coughing and wheezing, despite not displaying these conditions earlier. It is determined that the person now has pneumonia. What is this called?

Nosocomial infection

Staph. aureus can cause a condition where the skin of a young child is red and cracked. What is the name of this condition?

Scalded skin syndrome

Staph. aureus may cause a condition where a person has a high fever, rashes, vomiting, diarrhea, and could possibly die. What is the name of this condition?

Toxic shock syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome can cause __________ collapse and _________ failure

Cardiovascular; kidney

Who was first recognized to have toxic shock syndrome?

Menstruating women

Using what product is associated with toxic shock syndrome?

Tampons

What does the Staph. aureus colonize in the vagina for toxic shock syndrome?

blood and mucous

Staph. aureus can destroy red blood cells. What word describes this property?

hemolytic

Why are tampons helpful in supporting Staph. aureus growth for toxic shock syndrome?

It concentrates the colonies, creating ideal growth conditions

Toxin shock syndrome appears in men and women who are suffering from what infection following surgery?

staphylococcal infections

Symptoms for toxic shock syndrome result are an example of…

Superantigens

How are superantigens released in a host’s body?

Through the growing of foreign cells

When superantigens are released in the host’s body, what happens next?

Bacterium or bacterium products that starts an overactive immune system are also known as what?

Superantigens

Certain Staph. aureus strains can

Other than Staph. aureus, What organisms can produce superantigens?

Eschiria coli, Bacillus aureus, Bacillus cereus

Enterotoxin A is produced by

Staphylococcus aureus

Food poisoning causes waht