Integrated Physical Sciences - C165

Term

Definition

Which type of model is a diagram showing the water cycle?

Conceptual model

A study changes a factor and counts total customers. What is the dependent variable?

Total number of customers

An experiment tests different siding colors. What is the independent variable?

Siding color

An experiment measures the primary color of a reaction. What is the dependent variable?

Primary reaction color

Which example is an observational study?

Observing elephants maintaining social roles without manipulating variables

Which graph shows a directly proportional relationship?

A straight line passing through the origin

What happens to speed and velocity when a moving vehicle stops?

Both speed and velocity change

What changes when a plane turns while maintaining constant speed?

Velocity changes, but speed does not

An object moves right at 15 ft/s and accelerates right at 5 ft/s² for 2 seconds. What is its final velocity?

25 ft/s to the right

What change decreases the gravitational force between two objects?

Halving the mass of one object

What happens to acceleration when net force doubles and mass stays constant?

Acceleration doubles

What happens to a wagon’s acceleration if another child is added and the pulling force stays the same?

Acceleration decreases

What energy is stored when a bow is pulled back?

Elastic potential energy

What type of energy do radio waves carry?

Electromagnetic energy

What energy transformation occurs when a skier goes downhill?

Gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy

What energy transformation occurs when a moving object compresses a suspension spring?

Kinetic energy to elastic potential energy

What energy transformation occurs when a lightbulb emits light?

Electrical energy to electromagnetic (light) energy

What energy does a rock resting on a cliff possess because of its height?

Gravitational potential energy

Which electromagnetic waves have the lowest energy?

Radio waves

Which invisible electromagnetic waves are often felt as warmth?

Infrared waves

Which waves have shorter wavelengths than ultraviolet but longer wavelengths than gamma rays?

X-rays

What type of wave is sound traveling through air?

Mechanical longitudinal wave

What type of wave oscillates perpendicular to its direction of travel?

Transverse wave

Which visible-light color has the lowest frequency?

Red

Which subatomic particle has very little mass compared with a proton or neutron?

Electron

What is formed when an atom gains an electron to have a net negative charge?

Ion (specifically, an anion)

The metal potassium bonds with the nonmetal fluorine. Which type of bond forms?

Ionic bond

The metal sodium bonds with other sodium atoms. Which type of bond forms?

Metallic bond

What is one way that an atom can become an ion?

By losing one electron

What is the method by which Se²⁻ forms?

A neutral selenium atom gains two electrons

What is a macroscopic property of a liquid?

It can be poured

Which example represents a change from liquid to solid?

Magma cools to become igneous rock

What is an example of a chemical change?

Wood is burned in a fireplace

What is one common characteristic of chemical changes to matter?

A new substance is formed

What is one microscopic property of the gas state of matter?

Particles with a high level of energy

Magma turns to solid rock after cooling. What is the associated phase change?

Freezing (solidification)

Which of these elements is a metal: hydrogen, argon, arsenic, or rubidium?

Rubidium (Rb)

What is the atomic number of an element based on?

The number of protons

How many protons does cadmium (Cd) have?

48

Which element has 10 electrons in each neutral atom?

Neon (Ne)

What is the group to which gold (Au) belongs?

Group 11

Which periodic group contains metals, nonmetals, and metalloids?

Group 15

Which characteristic is associated with inner planets?

Small

What is one of the four outer planets?

Saturn

What holds each of the planets in orbit around the Sun?

Gravity

What is a celestial body that emits its own light and is held together by its own gravity?

Star

What is responsible for the seasons experienced on Earth?

Earth’s tilt on its axis

What is the general location of comets in the solar system?

In the outer solar system

What is the layer of Earth that includes the ground surface?

Crust

Which scenario demonstrates physical weathering?

Tree roots crack rocks as they grow into cracks

What is one example of erosion?

A rain-induced mudslide removes soil and vegetation from a hillside

What is physical weathering?

The deterioration of rocks or soil based on mechanical processes

Farmland is lost as land collapses and dirt falls into a river. Which process is occurring?

Erosion

A sandy beach forms on the inside bend of a river meander. Which process is occurring?

Deposition

Which atmospheric layer is the densest?

Troposphere

Which atmospheric layer is where commercial aircraft may fly?

Stratosphere (some jets fly in the lower stratosphere)

Which atmospheric layer is where auroras, or northern lights, appear?

Thermosphere

What is the layer of Earth’s atmosphere that transitions to outer space?

Exosphere

Which atmospheric layer is directly below the mesosphere?

Stratosphere

Clouds form as low-density air rises and cools, creating widespread cloudiness without precipitation. Which weather pattern is responsible?

Low-pressure system